反物质自由降落加速的实验限制
Experimental constraints on the free fall acceleration of antimatter
摘要：
根据最近提出的测量反氢原子在地球引力场的自由降落加速度的实验建议，我们研究了现有实验对物质和反物质的自由降落不对称性的限制。我们的结论是，现有的实验将这种不对称性限制在10^-7以下。首先，我们考虑贡献的惯性质量的原子，编码存在的反物质和使用精密Eotvos实验，以建立他们满足等效原理的水平。特别是我们专注于真空极化效应和核子的反夸克含量。第二，我们考虑一类理论，包含远程标量和矢量力，相互抵消一些高精度。通过构造，这样的理论将能够在利用物质的Eotvos实验中逃避检测，同时在反物质实验中仍然允许信号。然而，即使将这种抵消视为理所当然，我们也证明了脉冲星双星系统的辐射阻尼将这些力限制在明显弱于引力的程度。此外，我们表明，有限制的准确性，这种取消可以安排：首先，通过确定的精度，标量电荷可以跟踪矢量电荷在最好的候选理论;和，第二，通过显示，不同的速度依赖的标量和矢量力必然会引入非取消在一个可量化的水平。
英文摘要：
In light of recent experimental proposals to measure the free fall acceleration of antihydrogen in the earth's gravitational field, we investigate the bounds that existing experiments place on any asymmetry between the free fall of matter and antimatter. We conclude that existing experiments constrain any such asymmetry to be less than about 10^-7. First we consider contributions to the inertial masses of atoms that encode the presence of antimatter and use precision Eotvos experiments to establish the level at which they satisfy the equivalence principle. In particular we focus on vacuum polarization effects and the antiquark content of nucleons. Second we consider a class of theories that contain long range scalar and vector forces that cancel with one another to some high precision. By construction such theories would be able to evade detection in Eotvos experiments that utilize matter while still allowing for a signal in antimatter experiments. Even taking such cancellation for granted, however, we show that the radiative damping of binary pulsar systems constrains these forces to be significantly weaker than gravity. Furthermore we show that there are limits to the accuracy with which such cancellation can be arranged: first by determining the precision to which scalar charges can track vector charges in the best candidate theories; and, second, by showing that the different velocity dependence of scalar and vector forces necessarily introduces non-cancellation at a quantifiable level.
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