Time series data provided by single-molecule Forster resonance energy transfer (sm-FRET) experiments offer the opportunity to infer not only model parameters describing molecular complexes, e.g. rate constants, but also information about the model itself, e.g. the number of conformational states. Resolving whether or how many of such states exist requires a careful approach to the problem of model selection, here meaning discriminating among models with differing numbers of states. The most straightforward approach to model selection generalizes the common idea of maximum likelihood-selecting the most likely parameter values-to maximum evidence: selecting the most likely model. In either case, such inference presents a tremendous computational challenge, which we here address by exploiting an approximation technique termed variational Bayes. We demonstrate how this technique can be applied to temporal data such as smFRET time series; show superior statistical consistency relative to the maximum likelihood approach; and illustrate how model selection in such probabilistic or generative modeling can facilitate analysis of closely related temporal data currently prevalent in biophysics. Source code used in this analysis, including a graphical user interface, is available open source via http://vbFRET.sourceforge.net
Precision and accuracy of single-molecule FRET measurements - a worldwide benchmark study
单分子Förster共振能量转移(smFRET)越来越多地用于确定体外和体内生物分子的距离,结构和动力学。然而,目前缺乏通用的协议和FRET标准,确保测量FRET效率的再现性和准确性。在这里,我们报告了一项全球性的比较性盲法研究的结果,在这项研究中,20个实验室测定了几种染料标记的DNA双链体的FRET效率。使用一个统一的和简单的方法,我们表明,FRET效率可以得到$Δ$ E = +-0.02和+-0.05之间的标准偏差。我们进一步提出了一个实验和计算程序转换成准确的距离FRET效率。我们讨论了实验和建模中的潜在不确定性。我们对基于强度的smFRET测量和校正程序进行了广泛的定量评估,这是验证距离网络的重要一步,最终目的是存档通过基于smFRET的混合方法获得的生物分子系统的可靠结构模型。
Monitoring subunit rotation in single FRET-labeled FoF1-ATP synthase in an anti-Brownian electrokinetic trap
FoF 1-ATP合成酶是催化“生物能量货币”三磷酸腺苷(ATP)合成的膜蛋白。该酶利用内部亚基旋转将质子动力转化为化学键。我们应用单分子Förster共振能量转移(FRET)来监测两个耦合马达F1和Fo中的亚基旋转。因此,必须从大肠杆菌的质膜中分离酶,荧光标记并重组成120 nm大小的脂质囊泡以产生脂蛋白体。这些自由扩散的脂蛋白体偶尔穿过共聚焦检测体积,导致光子爆发。构象动力学的酶的FRET效率在一个单一的光子爆发的顺序变化进行了鉴定。通过在反布朗电动势阱(ABELtrap,由A. E. Cohen和W. E. Moerner)。在这里,我们描述了FoF 1-ATP合酶的制备程序和模拟FRET效率轨迹为“困”的蛋白脂质体。隐马尔可夫模型应用于信号与背景比的限制,用于识别旋转酶在低ATP浓度下运行时的停留和子步骤,由低激光功率激发,并由ABELtrap限制。
Monitoring single membrane protein dynamics in a liposome manipulated in solution by the ABELtrap
FoF 1-ATP合酶是维持细胞内三磷酸腺苷(ATP)水平的必需膜酶,由两个旋转马达组成。我们测量亚基旋转FoF 1-ATP合酶的分子内Foerster共振能量转移(FRET)在转子和定子的酶之间的两个荧光团。自由扩散的单酶在脂质囊泡的共焦FRET测量被限制到数百毫秒的通过激光焦点的渡越时间。我们评估了两种不同的方法来捕获共聚焦体积内的酶,以延长观察时间。Monte Carlo模拟结果表明,低激光功率的光镊不适用于直径为130 nm的脂质囊泡。A. E. Cohen(Harvard)和W. E. Moerner(Stanford)最近开发了一种反布朗电动势阱(ABELtrap),其能够明显地捕获溶液中的单个分子、蛋白质、病毒或囊泡。荧光颗粒的捕获是通过将实时、位置相关的反馈施加到微流体装置中的四个电极来实现的。在ABEL陷阱中,与给定目标位置的标准偏差小于200 nm。我们开发了一种ABELtrap与共聚焦FRET测量的组合,通过FRET在溶液中监测单膜酶动力学超过10秒。
Correcting for Bias of Molecular Confinement Parameters Induced by Small Time Series Sample Sizes in Single-Molecule Trajectories Containing Measurement Noise