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arXiv 0907.2923astro-ph.CO
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类星体诱导的星系形成:一个新的范例?

Quasar induced galaxy formation: a new paradigm ?

D. Elbaz, K. Jahnke, E. Pantin, D. Le Borgne, G. Letawe

摘要:

我们讨论的观测证据表明,类星体在星系的形成中发挥了关键作用,从类星体HE 0450 -2958的详细研究开始,并扩展讨论到一系列的收敛证据表明,射电喷流可能会触发星系形成。在ESO-VLT上用VISIR直接探测到的7 kpc远距离伴星系HE 0450 -2958,使我们能够在空间上分离这个由两个超亮红外星系(ULIRGs)组成的复合系统中的类星体和恒星形成活动的地点。目前还没有发现这个类星体的宿主星系,但如果它与类星体合并,它的伴星星系恒星质量会使HE 0450 -2958处于局部M(BH)-M(恒星隆起)关系。这是必然会发生的,因为它们的距离很近(7千秒差距),相对速度很小(~60-200公里/秒)。我们的结论是,我们可能正在见证M(BH)-M(恒星核球)关系的建立,或者至少是这个过程中的一个重大事件。恒星形成速率(~340 Msun/年)、年龄(40 ~ 2亿年)和恒星质量([5-6] × 10^10 Msun)与喷流诱导的伴星系形成相一致。我们认为,HE 0450 -2958可能是由星系际细丝的冷气体吸积在新鲜的材料。我们映射的投影星系密度周围的类星体作为一个潜在的示踪星系际细丝,并讨论了一个假定的检测。与其他系统的比较表明,类星体宿主星系的由内而外的形成和喷流诱导的星系形成可能是一个共同的过程。提出了两种检验方法:(1)探测到相对于遥远类星体位置的分子气体或尘埃发射;(2)由于类星体活动导致宿主星系延迟形成,从而两步建立M(BH)/M(恒星核球)比。

英文摘要:

We discuss observational evidence that quasars play a key role in the formation of galaxies starting from the detailed study of the quasar HE0450-2958 and extending the discussion to a series of converging evidence that radio jets may trigger galaxy formation. The direct detection with VISIR at the ESO-VLT of the 7 kpc distant companion galaxy of HE0450-2958 allows us to spatially separate the sites of quasar and star formation activity in this composite system made of two ultra-luminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs). No host galaxy has yet been detected for this quasar, but the companion galaxy stellar mass would bring HE0450-2958 in the local M(BH)-M(stellar bulge) relation if it were to merge with the QSO. This is bound to happen because of their close distance (7 kpc) and small relative velocity (~60-200 km/s). We conclude that we may be witnessing the building of the M(BH)-M(stellar bulge) relation, or at least of a major event in that process. The star formation rate (~340 Msun/yr), age (40-200 Myr) and stellar mass ([5-6]x10^10 Msun) are consistent with jet-induced formation of the companion galaxy. We suggest that HE0450-2958 may be fueled in fresh material by cold gas accretion from intergalactic filaments. We map the projected galaxy density surrounding the QSO as a potential tracer of intergalactic filaments and discuss a putative detection. Comparison to other systems suggests that inside-out formation of quasar host galaxies and jet-induced galaxy formation may be a common process. Two tests are proposed for this new paradigm: (1) the detection of offset molecular gas or dust emission with respect to the position of distant QSOs, (2) the delayed formation of host galaxies as a result of QSO activity, hence the two step building of the M(BH)/M(stellar bulge) ratio.

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