物理学与心灵哲学的五个问题
Physics and Five Problems in the Philosophy of Mind
摘要：
自笛卡尔的二元论以来，精神哲学和精神自然史的六个基本问题是：1。精神如何作用于物质？2.如果心灵不作用于物质，那么心灵只是附带现象吗？3.自由意志的来源是什么？4.负责任的自由意志的来源可能是什么？5.为什么进化意识可能是有选择性的有利条件呢？6.意识是什么？我基于两个物理假设来处理上述六个问题中的前五个。首先，心灵-大脑系统是一个量子相干的，但可逆的去相干和再相干系统。这使我能够回答上面的1），心灵根本不会因果地作用于大脑，而是因果地将其伪装成经典性（出于所有实际目的），因此对大脑和身体作为物质产生影响。副现象主义被避免了。一个量子心灵，因为它在哥本哈根（包括玻恩）上是非因果的，产生一个自由意志，但只是一个随机的自由意志，而不是一个负责任的自由意志。第二，本文最激进的部分提出，量子经典界面并不总是可以用定律描述的：特别是在狭义相对论的背景下，没有函数F将系统的当前状态映射到它的未来。取而代之的是一个非随机但无法无天的过程。我在这个非随机但不受法律约束的过程中寻找一个负责任的自由意志的源泉。最后，如果量子-经典边界可以是非随机的，但也可以是无规律的，那么没有任何对世界或我们自己的算法模拟可以计算真实世界，因此进化意识了解它的进化选择优势可能是巨大的。我在第六个问题上没有取得进展，这是一个关于感受质的难题。
英文摘要：
Since Descartes' dualism, with his res extensa and res cogitans, six fundamental problems in the philosophy and natural history of mind are these: 1. how does mind act on matter? 2. If mind does not act on matter is mind a mere epiphenomenon? 3. What might be the source of free will? 4. What might be the source of a responsible free will? 5. Why might it have been selectively advantageous to evolve consciousness? 6. What is consciousness? I approach the first five of the above six problems based on two physical postulates. First the mind-brain system is a quantum coherent, but reversibly decohering and recohering system. This allows me to answer 1) above, mind does not act causally on brain at all, rather it acausally decohers to classicity (for all practical purposes), hence has consequences for brain and body as matter. Epiphenomenalism is averted. A quantum mind, because it is acausal on Copenhagen including Born, yields a free will, but a merely random free will, not a responsible free will. Second, the most radical part of this article proposes that the quantum classical interface is not always describable by a law: specifically in a special relativity setting, no function, F, maps the present state of the system mind-brain into its future. In its place is a nonrandom yet lawless process. I seek in this non-random yet lawless process a source for a responsible free will. Finally, if the quantum-classical boundary can be non-random yet lawless, then no algorithmic simulation of the world or ourselves can calculate the real world, hence the evolutionary selective advantages for evolving consciousness to know it may be great. I make no progress on problem 6, the hard problem of qualia.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
