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arXiv 0907.1655astro-ph.HE
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吸积黑洞日冕变率的GRMHD预测

GRMHD prediction of coronal variability in accreting black holes

Scott C. Noble, Julian H. Krolik

摘要:

基于能量守恒的3D广义相对论MHD模拟数据,我们预测了吸积黑洞日冕光度变化的统计特征。当日冕的内边界被定义为电子散射光球时,它的位置只取决于爱丁顿单位的质量吸积率(\dot{M})。几乎独立于视角和\dot{M},功率谱的频率范围内,从近似的轨道频率在最内层的稳定圆轨道(ISCO)的~100倍低,是很好的近似指数为-2的幂律,粗略一致的硬X射线波动在活动星系核和银河系的双黑洞的硬态的观测功率谱。光变曲线变化的潜在物理驱动因素是由MHD湍流的混沌特性引起的吸积速率的变化,但日冕光输出的功率谱明显更陡。这种对比的部分原因是由于质量吸积率可以被不导致耗散的径向周转运动显著调制,因此不会驱动光度波动。另一部分原因是特征流入时间向内减小,导致径向相干长度随波动频率的增加而减小。

英文摘要:

On the basis of data from an energy-conserving 3D general relativistic MHD simulation, we predict the statistical character of variability in the coronal luminosity from accreting black holes. When the inner boundary of the corona is defined to be the electron scattering photosphere, its location depends only on the mass accretion rate in Eddington units (\dot{M}). Nearly independent of viewing angle and \dot{M}, the power spectrum over the range of frequencies from approximately the orbital frequency at the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) to ~100 times lower is well approximated by a power-law with index -2, crudely consistent with the observed power spectra of hard X-ray fluctuations in AGN and the hard states of Galactic binary black holes. The underlying physical driver for variability in the light curve is variations in the accretion rate caused by the chaotic character of MHD turbulence, but the power spectrum of the coronal light output is significantly steeper. Part of this contrast is due to the fact that the mass accretion rate can be significantly modulated by radial epicyclic motions that do not result in dissipation, and therefore do not drive luminosity fluctuations. The other part of this contrast is due to the inward decrease of the characteristic inflow time, which leads to decreasing radial coherence length with increasing fluctuation frequency.

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