关于天文脉泽理论。I.脉泽辐射统计
On the theory of astronomical maser. I. Statistics of maser radiation
摘要：
本文重新分析了一维情况下天文脉泽对宽带连续辐射的放大过程。从基本物理原理出发，导出了适用于标量脉泽的基本方程和脉泽辐射场的随机性。通过与标准辐射传输方程的比较，我们可以检验当前天文脉泽理论中所涉及的基本假设。模拟了微波激射器对宽带背景辐射不同实现方式的放大。通过对与放大后的背景辐射场对应的出射辐射的系综进行平均，获得了诸如强度、谱线轮廓等可观测量。我们的模拟表明，即使在微波激射器部分饱和的情况下，天文微波激射器内部辐射场的涨落也明显偏离高斯统计。不同频率模式之间的耦合和人口脉冲显示有越来越多的重要性，在脉泽辐射的传输脉泽接近饱和。我们的结果表明，辐射传输的标准公式提供了一个满意的描述的强度和线窄化效应的非饱和和部分饱和脉泽在一维模型的框架内。然而，应谨慎考虑将同一公式应用于强饱和状态。
英文摘要：
In this paper we re-analyse the amplification process of broadband continuum radiation by astronomical masers in one-dimensional case. The basic equations appropriate for the scalar maser and the random nature of the maser radiation field are derived from basic physical principles. Comparision with the standard radiation transfer equation allows us to examine the underlying assumptions involved in the current theory of astronomical masers. Simulations are carried out to follow the amplification of different realisations of the broadband background radiation by the maser. The observable quantities such as intensity, spectral line profile are obtained by averaging over an ensemble of the emerging radiation corresponding to the amplified background radiation field. Our simulations show that the fluctuations of the radiation field inside the astronomical maser deviates significantly from Gaussian statistics even when the maser is only partially saturated. Coupling between different frequency modes and the population pulsing are shown to have increasing importance in the transport of maser radiation as the maser approaches saturation. Our results suggest that the standard formulation of radiation transfer provides a satisfactory description of the intensity and the line narrowing effect in the unsaturated and partially saturated masers within the framework of one-dimensional model. Howerver, the application of the same formulation to the strong saturation regime should be considered with caution.
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