彗星空中爆炸和大气化学：通古斯卡和候选的新仙女木事件
Cometary airbursts and atmospheric chemistry: Tunguska and a candidate Younger Dryas event
摘要：
我们发现1908年通古斯卡空中爆炸事件和硝酸盐增强GISP2H和GISP2冰芯电离的大气化学变化模型之间的协议，加上一个原因不明的铵穗。然后，我们考虑在新仙女木开始（YD）的候选彗星的影响。大量的NO_x生成和O_3消耗估计值无法精确外推，但冰芯峰值要低得多，可能是采样分辨率不够所致。铵和硝酸盐峰值已被归因于生物质燃烧在YD发病GRIP和GISP2冰芯。类似的结果在通古斯卡冰芯数据中得到了很好的解决，但森林火灾太小了，无法解释这一点。从彗星直接输入到大气中的氨对于YD冰芯数据来说是足够的，但对于通古斯卡数据来说则不然。一个类似于哈伯过程的过程，由彗星或地表水、大气氮、高压和可能来自彗星的催化铁贡献的氢，原则上可以产生氨，解释了两个数据集中的峰值。
英文摘要：
We find agreement between models of atmospheric chemistry changes from ionization for the 1908 Tunguska airburst event and nitrate enhancement in GISP2H and GISP2 ice cores, plus an unexplained ammonium spike. We then consider a candidate cometary impact at the Younger Dryas onset (YD). The large estimated NO_x production and O_3 depletion are beyond accurate extrapolation, but the ice core peak is much lower, possibly because of insufficient sampling resolution. Ammonium and nitrate spikes have been attributed to biomass burning at YD onset in both GRIP and GISP2 ice cores. A similar result is well-resolved in Tunguska ice core data, but that forest fire was far too small to account for this. Direct input of ammonia from a comet into the atmosphere is adequate for YD ice core data, but not Tunguska data. An analog of the Haber process with hydrogen contributed by cometary or surface water, atmospheric nitrogen, high pressures, and possibly catalytic iron from a comet could in principle produce ammonia, accounting for the peaks in both data sets.
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