退化的中性创造了可进化的适应性景观
Degenerate neutrality creates evolvable fitness landscapes
摘要：
理解系统如何被设计成可进化的是优化、进化和复杂系统科学研究的基础。因此，许多研究人员已经认识到可进化性的重要性，即在生物进化和演化计算领域中发现更高适应度的新变体的能力。Ciliberti等人（Proc.Nat.Acad.科学，2007）和Wagner（Proc. R. Soc. B.，2008）提出了一个潜在的重要联系之间的鲁棒性和系统的可进化性。特别是，有人认为，鲁棒性实际上可能导致进化的出现。在这里，我们研究了两个设计原则，冗余和退化，实现鲁棒性，我们表明，他们有一个显着不同的影响系统的演化。特别是，纯冗余系统被发现有很少的进化，而系统退化，即分布式鲁棒性，可以是数量级更进化。这些结果提供了深入了解的一般原则，实现进化，并可能被证明是一个重要的一步，在追求进化表示演化计算。
英文摘要：
Understanding how systems can be designed to be evolvable is fundamental to research in optimization, evolution, and complex systems science. Many researchers have thus recognized the importance of evolvability, i.e. the ability to find new variants of higher fitness, in the fields of biological evolution and evolutionary computation. Recent studies by Ciliberti et al (Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 2007) and Wagner (Proc. R. Soc. B., 2008) propose a potentially important link between the robustness and the evolvability of a system. In particular, it has been suggested that robustness may actually lead to the emergence of evolvability. Here we study two design principles, redundancy and degeneracy, for achieving robustness and we show that they have a dramatically different impact on the evolvability of the system. In particular, purely redundant systems are found to have very little evolvability while systems with degeneracy, i.e. distributed robustness, can be orders of magnitude more evolvable. These results offer insights into the general principles for achieving evolvability and may prove to be an important step forward in the pursuit of evolvable representations in evolutionary computation.
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