作为冰崩前兆的冰震
Icequakes as precursors of ice avalanches
摘要：
2005年，Weisshorn东面的一个悬挂冰川断裂。我们能够在断裂前21天至3天监测和测量表面运动和冰震活动。分析了冰川在破裂成熟过程中产生的地震波。三种类型的地震信号的即将发生的灾难性破裂被确定为：（i）增加的地震活动性内的冰川，（ii）在大小频率分布的冰震能量的变化，和（iii）对数周期振荡行为叠加在幂律加速的两个冰震之间的等待时间的倒数。对地震活动性的分析表明了破裂过程，并确定了两种状态：一种是稳定状态，其中事件是孤立的，不相关的，这是扩散破坏的特征;另一种是不稳定和危险的状态，其中事件变得同步，并触发大的冰震。
英文摘要：
A hanging glacier at the east face of Weisshorn broke off in 2005. We were able to monitor and measure surface motion and icequake activity for 21 days up to three days prior to the break-off. Results are presented from the analysis of seismic waves generated by the glacier during the rupture maturation process. Three types of precursory signals of the imminent catastrophic rupture were identified: (i) an increasing seismic activity within the glacier, (ii) a change in the size-frequency distribution of icequake energy, and (iii) a log-periodic oscillating behavior superimposed on power law acceleration of the inverse of waiting time between two icequakes. The analysis of the seismic activity gave indications of the rupture process and led to the identification of two regimes: a stable one where events are isolated and non correlated which is characteristic of diffuse damage, and an unstable and dangerous one in which events become synchronized and large icequakes are triggered.
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