arXiv 0906.35162009-06-18hep-ph

长寿命强相互作用遗迹粒子对大爆炸核合成的影响

Effect of Long-lived Strongly Interacting Relic Particles on Big Bang Nucleosynthesis

Motohiko Kusakabe, Toshitaka Kajino, Takashi Yoshida, Grant J. Mathews

备注：: 19 pages, 4 figures
发表信息：: Phys.Rev.D80:103501,2009
DOI：: 10.1103/PhysRevD.80.103501

摘要：

有人认为，在早期宇宙中存在着残余的长寿命强相互作用大质量粒子（SIMPs，或$X$粒子）。我们研究了这种长寿的不稳定SIMPs对大爆炸核合成（BBN）的影响，假设这种粒子存在于BBN时代，但在它们被检测到之前很久就衰变了。假设$X$粒子与核子之间的相互作用强度与核子之间的相互作用强度相似。然后，我们计算BBN的存在下的不稳定的中性带电$X^0$粒子考虑到捕获的$X^0$粒子的核形成$X$ -核。我们还研究了$X$ -核的核反应和β衰变。我们发现SIMPs在BBN相对早期与正常核形成束缚态。这导致了重元素的产生，这些重元素仍然附着在它们上面。在BBN过程中对$X^0$粒子丰度的限制来自观测推断的原始轻元素丰度的限制。基于这些约束，预测寿命长于$\sim$ 200 s的长寿命有色粒子的粒子模型被拒绝。

英文摘要：

It has been suggested that relic long-lived strongly interacting massive particles (SIMPs, or $X$ particles) existed in the early universe. We study effects of such long-lived unstable SIMPs on big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) assuming that such particles existed during the BBN epoch, but then decayed long before they could be detected. The interaction strength between an $X$ particle and a nucleon is assumed to be similar to that between nucleons. We then calculate BBN in the presence of the unstable neutral charged $X^0$ particles taking into account the capture of $X^0$ particles by nuclei to form $X$-nuclei. We also study the nuclear reactions and beta decays of $X$-nuclei. We find that SIMPs form bound states with normal nuclei during a relatively early epoch of BBN. This leads to the production of heavy elements which remain attached to them. Constraints on the abundance of $X^0$ particles during BBN are derived from observationally inferred limits on the primordial light element abundances. Particle models which predict long-lived colored particles with lifetimes longer than $\sim$ 200 s are rejected based upon these constraints.

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