不均匀结构的形成可能会减轻加速宇宙的需要
Inhomogeneous structure formation may alleviate need for accelerating universe
摘要：
当考虑到半局域宇宙中真实的、不均匀的和各向异性的物质分布时，尽管最近有Ia型超新星的数据，但可能没有必要假设宇宙加速膨胀。必须对局部曲率进行积分（在所有空间上）才能得到宇宙的全局曲率，从宇宙微波背景数据看，它似乎非常接近于零。由于引力结构的形成创造了正曲率的束缚区域，因此它们之间的区域变得负曲率，以符合消失的全局曲率。宇宙的实际动力学由于自诱导的不均匀性而改变，随着结构形成的进展，这种情况再次变得更加突出。此外，随着结构形成的进行，该负曲率将作为时间的函数增加，这模拟了具有负压的“暗能量“的效果。因此，“加速”可能只是一个海市蜃楼。我们使用牛顿引力修正了特殊相对论效应，进行了定性和半定量分析，结果令人惊讶地好，以证实和说明/可视化这些陈述。这篇文章可以被看作是一个恳求，开始认真对待观察到的非均匀分布和非微扰广义相对论的非线性，以及它们对宇宙动力学和行为的影响。
英文摘要：
When taking the real, inhomogeneous and anisotropic matter distribution in the semi-local universe into account, there may be no need to postulate an accelerating expansion of the universe despite recent type Ia supernova data. Local curvatures must be integrated (over all space) to obtain the global curvature of the universe, which seems to be very close to zero from cosmic microwave background data. As gravitational structure formation creates bound regions of positive curvature, the regions in between become negatively curved in order to comply with a vanishing global curvature. The actual dynamics of the universe is altered due to the self-induced inhomogeneities, again more prominently so as structure formation progresses. Furthermore, this negative curvature will increase as a function of time as structure formation proceeds, which mimics the effect of "dark energy" with negative pressure. Hence, the "acceleration" may be merely a mirage. We make a qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis, using newtonian gravity corrected for special relativistic effects, which works surprisingly well, to corroborate and illustrate/visualize these statements. This article may be seen as a plea to start taking seriously the observed inhomogeneous distribution and the nonlinearities of nonperturbative general relativity, and their impact on the dynamics and behavior of the cosmos.
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