稀湿颗粒：非平衡动力学和结构形成
Dilute Wet Granulates: Nonequilibrium Dynamics and Structure Formation
摘要：
我们研究了一种由湿颗粒组成的气体，表面覆盖着一层薄液膜。动态演化是由两个粒子的相互作用，这主要是由于在干燥的颗粒气体相反的界面力。当两个湿颗粒碰撞时，形成毛细管桥，并且当桥断裂时保持完整直到一定的撤回距离，从而消耗固定量的能量。一个自由冷却系统进行非平衡动态相变从一个主要是单粒子和快速冷却的状态与不断增长的聚集体，使桥断裂成为一个罕见的事件和冷却是缓慢的。在团簇生长的早期阶段，团簇的聚集是一个自相似的过程，其分形维数约为D_f ~ 2。在稍后的时间，观察到最终吸收所有颗粒的吸收团簇。最后的簇在大尺度上是紧凑的，而在小尺度上是分形的，D_f ~ 2。
英文摘要：
We investigate a gas of wet granular particles, covered by a thin liquid film. The dynamic evolution is governed by two-particle interactions, which are mainly due to interfacial forces in contrast to dry granular gases. When two wet grains collide, a capillary bridge is formed and stays intact up to a certain distance of withdrawal when the bridge ruptures, dissipating a fixed amount of energy. A freely cooling system is shown to undergo a nonequillibrium dynamic phase transition from a state with mainly single particles and fast cooling to a state with growing aggregates, such that bridge rupture becomes a rare event and cooling is slow. In the early stage of cluster growth, aggregation is a self-similar process with a fractal dimension of the aggregates approximately equal to D_f ~ 2. At later times, a percolating cluster is observed which ultimately absorbs all the particles. The final cluster is compact on large length scales, but fractal with D_f ~ 2 on small length scales.
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