arXiv 0906.03292009-06-01astro-ph.CO

宇宙早期精细结构常数和电子质量的变化

Variation of the fine structure constant and the electron mass at early Universe

Claudia G. Scóccola

备注：: Ph.D. Thesis, Facultad de Ciencias Astronomicas y Geofisicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 2009, 138 pages, 24 figures (in Spanish)

摘要：

在本论文中，我们着重研究了电子质量$m_e$和精细结构常数$α$在不同宇宙时间的变化。我们分析了复合物理的细节，包括氦复合，以找到物理量对基本常数的依赖关系。使用最新的CMB数据，和最终的2dFGRS功率谱，我们设置限制在重组常数的可能变化。我们分析的$α$和$m_e$独立的变化，在这种情况下，这两种变化是允许的，拟合也是一组宇宙学参数。我们发现$α$的变化和$m_e$的变化之间，解耦和现在的时间之间的现象学关系。我们分析了Barrow-Magueijo现象学模型，该模型提出了时空标量场变化引起的电子质量变化。我们提出了改进的解决方案，我们估计的模型参数，在不同的宇宙时间的电子质量的变化上的界限。另一方面，从弱等效原理的实验结果，我们发现了一个极限模型的参数，这来自于电子质量的变化引起的标量场的空间变化。通过比较这两个极限，我们得出结论，该模型应被排除。最后，我们重新分析了$α$或$m_e$的变化对行星半径的影响。我们解释了为什么电子质量的变化不会引起可观察到的变化的半径。我们提出了一个本地和独立的约束的变化$α$，从非常一般的声明。(TEXT（西班牙文）

英文摘要：

In this thesis, we focus on the study of the variation of the electron mass $m_e$, and the fine structure constant $α$, at different cosmic times. We analyze the details of the recombination physics, including helium recombination, in order to find the dependences of the physical quantities on the fundamental constants. Using up-to-date CMB data, and the final 2dFGRS power spectrum, we set limits to the possible variation of the constants at recombination. We analyze the variation of $α$ and $m_e$ independently, and the case in which both variations are allowed, fitting also a set of cosmological parameters. We find a fenomenological relationship between the variation of $α$ and the variation of $m_e$, between decoupling and present time. We analyze the Barrow-Magueijo fenomenological model, which propose a variation in the electron mass induced by changes in a space-time scalar field. We present improved solutions and we estimate the model parameters using bounds on the variation of the electron mass at different cosmic times. On the other hand, from results of experiments that test the Weak Equivalence Principle, we find a limit for the model's parameter, that comes from the variation of the electron mass induced by spatial variations of the scalar field. By comparing both limits, we arrive at the conclusion that the model should be ruled-out. Lastly, we reanalyze the effects of the variation of $α$ or $m_e$ upon planetary radii. We explain why the variation of the electron mass does not induce observable changes on the radii. We present a local and independent bound on the variation of $α$, obtained from very general statements. (TEXT IN SPANISH)

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