Cosmic evolution of submillimeter galaxies and their contribution to stellar mass assembly
Michał J. Michałowski, Jens Hjorth, Darach Watson
备注：
Accepted to A&A. 14 pages (+23 pages as appendix), 7 figures, 6 tables. Table A1-A5 can be found in the source file in the machine-readable form. For SED templates, see http://archive.dark-cosmology.dk/ or the source file. v3: major improvements: 1) the incompleteness correction applied; 2) the (higher) local q-value correctly assigned; 3) estimates of A_V added
The nature of galaxies selected at submillimeter wavelengths (SMGs, S_850 > 3 mJy), some of the bolometrically most luminous objects at high redshifts, is still elusive. In particular their star formation histories and source of emission are not accurately constrained. In this paper we introduce a new approach to analyse the SMG data. Namely, we present the first self-consistent UV-to-radio spectral energy distribution fits of 76 SMGs with spectroscopic redshifts using all photometric datapoints from ultraviolet to radio simultaneously. We find that they are highly star-forming (median star formation rate 713 MSun yr^-1 for SMGs at z>0.5), moderately dust-obscured (median A_V~2 mag), hosting significant stellar populations (median stellar mass 3.7x10^11 MSun) of which only a minor part has been formed in the ongoing starburst episode. This implies that in the past, SMGs experienced either another starburst episode or merger with several galaxies. The properties of SMGs suggest that they are progenitors of present-day elliptical galaxies. We find that these bright SMGs contribute significantly to the cosmic star formation rate density (~20%) and stellar mass density (~30-50%) at redshifts 2-4. Using number counts at low fluxes we find that as much as 80% of the cosmic star formation at these redshifts took place in SMGs brighter than 0.1 mJy. We find evidence that a linear infrared-radio correlation holds for SMGs in an unchanged form up to redshift of 3.6, though its normalization is offset from the local relation by a factor of ~2.1 towards higher radio luminosities. We present a compilation of photometry data of SMGs and determinations of cosmic SFR and stellar mass densities.
We report morphological analyses of seven submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) at $z\sim2$ using the JWST NIRCam images taken as part of the public CEERS and PRIMER surveys. Through two-dimensional surface brightness profile fittings we find evidence of bulges in all the sample SMGs, in particular at F444W filter, suggesting an ubiquitous presence of stellar bulges. The median size of these bulges at F444W is found to be 0.7$\pm$1.0 kpc and its median Sersic index is 0.7$\pm$0.9. Structures akin to spiral arms and bars are also identified, although their asymmetric shapes, tidal features, as well as …
The internal properties of dark matter haloes correlate with the large-scale halo clustering strength at fixed halo mass $-$ an effect known as assembly bias $-$ and are also strongly affected by the local, non-linear cosmic web. Characterising a halo's local web environment by its tidal anisotropy $α$ at scales $\sim4$ x the halo radius, we demonstrate that these multi-scale correlations represent two distinct statistical links: one between the internal property and $α$, and the other between $α$ and large-scale ( $>30h^{-1}$Mpc) halo bias $b_1$. We focus on scalar internal properties of halo…
We investigate the dependence of the galaxy luminosity function on geometric environment within the Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) survey. The tidal tensor prescription, based on the Hessian of the pseudo-gravitational potential, is used to classify the cosmic web and define the geometric environments: for a given smoothing scale, we classify every position of the surveyed region, $0.04<{z}<0.26$, as either a void, a sheet, a filament or a knot. We consider how to choose appropriate thresholds in the eigenvalues of the Hessian in order to partition the galaxies approximately evenly between en…
We present evidence for halo assembly bias as a function of geometric environment. By classifying GAMA galaxy groups as residing in voids, sheets, filaments or knots using a tidal tensor method, we find that low-mass haloes that reside in knots are older than haloes of the same mass that reside in voids. This result provides direct support to theories that link strong halo tidal interactions with halo assembly times. The trend with geometric environment is reversed at large halo mass, with haloes in knots being younger than haloes of the same mass in voids. We find a clear signal of halo downs…
Both simulations and observations have shown that turbulence is a pervasive phenomenon in cosmic scenarios, yet it is particularly difficult to model numerically due to its intrinsically multiscale character which demands high resolutions. Additionally, turbulence is tightly connected to the dynamical state and the formation history of galaxies and galaxy clusters, producing a diverse phenomenlogy which requires large samples of such structures to attain robust conclusions. In this work, we use an adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) cosmological simulation to explore the generation and dissipation …
Evolution of submillimeter galaxies across cosmic-web environments
Universidad Andres Bello（安德烈斯贝洛大学）；Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María（费德里科圣玛丽亚技术大学）；Millennium Nucleus for Galaxies (MINGAL)（星系千年核（MINGAL））；Leiden University（莱顿大学）；Purdue University（普渡大学）；University of Massachusetts, Amherst（马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校）；CONICET. Instituto de Astronomía Teórica y Experimental (IATE)（阿根廷国家科学技术研究委员会理论及实验天文学研究所 (IATE)）；Rutgers, The State University（罗格斯州立大学）
The Balloon-borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (BLAST) has made one square degree, deep, confusion limited maps at three different bands, centered on the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey South field. By calculating the covariance of these maps with catalogs of 24 micron sources from the Far-Infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (FIDEL), we have determined that the total submillimeter intensities are 8.60 +/- 0.59, 4.93 +/- 0.34, and 2.27 +/- 0.20 nW m^2 sr^(-1) at 250, 350, and 500 micron, respectively. These numbers are more precise than previous estimates of the cosmic i…
The Spitzer-Cosmic Assembly Deep Near-Infrared Extragalactic Legacy Survey (S-CANDELS; PI G. Fazio) is a Cycle 8 Exploration Program designed to detect galaxies at very high redshifts (z > 5). To mitigate the effects of cosmic variance and also to take advantage of deep coextensive coverage in multiple bands by the Hubble Space Telescope Multi-Cycle Treasury Program CANDELS, S-CANDELS was carried out within five widely separated extragalactic fields: the UKIDSS Ultra-Deep Survey, the Extended Chandra Deep Field South, COSMOS, the HST Deep Field North, and the Extended Groth Strip. S-CANDELS bu…
The presence of spectroscopically confirmed Balmer breaks in galaxy spectral energy distributions (SEDs) at $z>9$ provides one of the best probes of the assembly history of the first generations of stars in our Universe. Recent observations of the gravitationally lensed source, MACS 1149_JD1 (JD1), indicate that significant amounts of star formation likely occurred at redshifts as high as $z\simeq15$. The inferred stellar mass, dust mass, and assembly history of JD1, or any other galaxy at these redshifts that exhibits a strong Balmer break, can provide a strong test of our best theoretical mo…
The Next-Generation Very Large Array (ngVLA) will be critical for understanding how galaxies are built and evolve at the earliest epochs. The sensitivity and frequency coverage will allow for the detection of cold gas and dust in `normal' distant galaxies, including the low-J transitions of molecular gas tracers such as CO, HNC, and HCO+; synchrotron and free-free continuum emission; and even the exciting possibility of thermal dust emission at the highest (z~7) redshifts. In particular, by enabling the total molecular gas reservoirs to be traced to unprecedented sensitivities across a huge ra…
The dynamical state and morphological features of galaxies and galaxy clusters, and their high-redshift precursors, are tightly connected with their assembly history, encoding crucial information about the formation and evolution of such cosmic structures. As a first step towards finding an optimal indicator of the assembly state of observed structures, we use a cosmological simulation of a moderate volume to critically examine the best definition of an indicator that is able to discriminate dark matter haloes undergoing mergers and/or strong accretion from haloes experimenting a relaxed evolu…
Herschel and Planck are surveying the sky at unprecedented angular scales and sensitivities over large areas. But both experiments are limited by source confusion in the submillimeter. The high confusion noise in particular restricts the study of the clustering properties of the sources that dominate the cosmic infrared background. At these wavelengths, it is more appropriate to consider the statistics of the unresolved component. In particular, high clustering will contribute in excess of Poisson noise in the power spectra of CIB anisotropies. These power spectra contain contributions from so…
We present the statistics of faint submillimeter/millimeter galaxies (SMGs) and serendipitous detections of a submillimeter/millimeter line emitter (SLE) with no multi-wavelength continuum counterpart revealed by the deep ALMA observations. We identify faint SMGs with flux densities of 0.1-1.0 mJy in the deep Band 6 and Band 7 maps of 10 independent fields that reduce cosmic variance effects. The differential number counts at 1.2 mm are found to increase with decreasing flux density down to 0.1 mJy. Our number counts indicate that the faint (0.1-1.0 mJy, or SFR_IR ~ 30-300 Msun/yr) SMGs contri…
We use cosmological simulations from the FIRE (Feedback In Realistic Environments) project to study the baryon cycle and galaxy mass assembly for central galaxies in the halo mass range $M_{\rm halo} \sim 10^{10} - 10^{13} M_{\odot}$. By tracing cosmic inflows, galactic outflows, gas recycling, and merger histories, we quantify the contribution of physically distinct sources of material to galaxy growth. We show that in situ star formation fueled by fresh accretion dominates the early growth of galaxies of all masses, while the re-accretion of gas previously ejected in galactic winds often dom…
Roman CCS White Paper: Tracing stellar mass assembly and emerging quiescence at cosmic noon -- the case for deep imaging with all of Roman's wide filters in the HLTDS
本文论证了在 Roman 望远镜 HLTDS 中使用除 F146 外所有宽滤光片进行深度成像的必要性，以推动河外深场科学并改进 SN Ia 宇宙学系统学。
We present a new model to describe the galaxy-dark matter connection across cosmic time, which unlike the popular subhalo abundance matching technique is self-consistent in that it takes account of the facts that (i) subhalos are accreted at different times, and (ii) the properties of satellite galaxies may evolve after accretion. Using observations of galaxy stellar mass functions out to $z \sim 4$, the conditional stellar mass function at $z\sim 0.1$ obtained from SDSS galaxy group catalogues, and the two-point correlation function (2PCF) of galaxies at $z \sim 0.1$ as function of stellar ma…
Most of the stars today reside in galactic spheroids, whose properties are tightly tied to the supermassive black holes (MBHs) at their centers, implying that the accretion activity onto MBHs leaves a lasting imprint on the evolution of their host galaxies. Despite the importance of this so-called MBH-galaxy co-evolution, the physical mechanisms responsible for driving this relationship - such as the dominant mode of energetic feedback from active galactic nuclei (AGN) - remain a poorly understand aspect of galaxy assembly. A key challenge for identifying and characterizing AGN during the peak…
We report the morphological classification of 3727 galaxies from the Galaxy and Mass Assembly survey with M_r < -17.4 mag and in the redshift range 0.025 < z < 0.06 (2.1 x 10^5 Mpc^3 ) into E, S0-Sa, SB0-SBa, Sab-Scd, SBab-SBcd, Sd-Irr and little blue spheroid classes. Approximately 70% of galaxies in our sample are disk dominated systems, with the remaining ~30% spheroid dominated. We establish the robustness of our classifications, and use them to derive morphological-type luminosity functions and luminosity densities in the ugrizYJHK passbands, improving on prior studies that split by globa…
We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array measurements of the `Cosmic Seagull', a strongly magnified galaxy at z=2.7779 behind the Bullet Cluster. We report CO(3-2) and continuum 344~$μ$m (rest-frame) data at one of the highest differential magnifications ever recorded at submillimeter wavelengths ($μ$ up to ~50), facilitating a characterization of the kinematics of a rotational curve in great detail (at ~620 pc resolution in the source plane). We find no evidence for a decreasing rotation curve, from which we derive a dynamical mass of ($6.3\pm0.7)\times10^{10} M_{\odot}$ within…
Optical emission is detected from filaments around the central galaxies of clusters of galaxies. These filaments have lengths of tens of kiloparsecs. The emission is possibly due to heating caused by the dissipation of mechanical energy and by cosmic ray induced ionisation. CO millimeter and submillimeter line emissions as well as H$_{2}$ infrared emission originating in such filaments surrounding NGC~1275, the central galaxy of the Perseus cluster, have been detected. Our aim is to identify those molecular species, other than CO, that may emit detectable millimeter and submillimeter line feat…
The clustering of dark matter haloes with fixed mass depends on their formation history, an effect known as assembly bias. We use zoom N -body simulations to investigate the origin of this phenomenon. For each halo at redshift z=0, we determine the time in which the physical volume containing its final mass becomes stable. We consider five examples for which this happens at z~1.5 and two that do not stabilize by z=0. The zoom simulations show that early-collapsing haloes do not grow in mass at z=0 while late-forming ones show a net inflow. The reason is that 'accreting' haloes are located at t…
The mass, accretion rate and formation time of dark matter haloes near proto-filaments (identified as saddle points of the potential) are analytically predicted using a conditional version of the excursion set approach in its so-called "upcrossing" approximation. The model predicts that at fixed mass, mass accretion rate and formation time vary with orientation and distance from the saddle, demonstrating that assembly bias is indeed influenced by the tides imposed by the cosmic web. Starved, early forming haloes of smaller mass lie preferentially along the main axis of filaments, while more ma…
We measure the void probability function (VPF) of galaxies in the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS). The VPF provides complementary information to standard two-point statistics in that it is sensitive to galaxy bias in the most extreme underdensities in the cosmic web. Thus the VPF is ideal for testing whether halo occupation of galaxies depends on large-scale density, an effect known as galaxy assembly bias. We find that standard HOD model---one parameterized by halo mass only---fit only to the two-point function, accurately predicts the VPF. Additionally, for HOD models where de…
We present the first application of a "multiple-tracer" redshift-space distortion (RSD) analysis to an observational galaxy sample, using data from the Galaxy and Mass Assembly survey (GAMA). Our dataset is an r < 19.8 magnitude-limited sample of 178,579 galaxies covering redshift interval z < 0.5 and area 180 deg^2. We obtain improvements of 10-20% in measurements of the gravitational growth rate compared to a single-tracer analysis, deriving from the correlated sample variance imprinted in the distributions of the overlapping galaxy populations. We present new expressions for the covariances…
Understanding the formation history of brightest cluster galaxies is an important topic in galaxy formation. Utilizing the Planck Sunyaev-Zel'dovich cluster catalog, and applying the Ansatz that the most massive halos at one redshift remain among the most massive ones at a slightly later cosmic epoch, we have constructed cluster samples at redshift z~0.4 and z~0.2 that can be statistically regarded as progenitor-descendant pairs. This allows us to study the stellar mass assembly history of BCGs in these massive clusters at late times, finding the degree of growth between the two epochs is like…
[abridged] We propose a tiered, UV--near-IR, cosmological broad- and medium-band imaging and grism survey that covers ~10 deg^2 in two epochs to m_AB=28, ~3 deg^2 in seven epochs to m_AB=28, and ~1 deg^2 in 20 epochs to m_AB=30 mag. Such a survey is an essential complement to JWST surveys (<~0.1 deg^2 to m_AB<~31 mag at lambda>1100nm and z>~8). We aim to: (1) understand in how galaxies formed from perturbations in the primordial density field by studying faint Lyα-emitting and Lyman-break galaxies at 5.5<~z<~8 and trace the metal-enrichment of the IGM; (2) measure the evolution of the faint en…
In the hierarchical model of structure formation, giant elliptical galaxies form through merging processes within the highest density peaks known as protoclusters. While high-redshift radio galaxies usually pinpoint the location of these environments, we have recently discovered at z~2-3 three Enormous (>200 kpc) Lyman-Alpha Nebulae (ELANe) that host multiple AGN and that are surrounded by overdensities of Lyman-alpha Emitters (LAE). These regions are prime candidates of massive protoclusters in the early stages of assembly. To characterize the star-forming activity within these rare structure…
We present an analysis of the mid-infrared WISE sources seen within the equatorial GAMA G12 field, located in the North Galactic Cap. Our motivation is to study and characterize the behavior of WISE source populations in anticipation of the deep multi-wavelength surveys that will define the next decade, with the principal science goal of mapping the 3D large scale structures and determining the global physical attributes of the host galaxies. In combination with cosmological redshifts, we identify galaxies from their WISE W1 3.4um resolved emission, and by performing a star-galaxy separation u…
Cosmic filaments are the channel through which galaxy groups assemble their mass. Cosmic connectivity, namely the number of filaments connected to a given group, is therefore expected to be an important ingredient in shaping group properties. The local connectivity is measured in COSMOS around X-Ray detected groups between redshift 0.5 and 1.2. To this end, large-scale filaments are extracted using the accurate photometric redshifts of the COSMOS2015 catalogue in two-dimensional slices of thickness 120 comoving Mpc centred on the group's redshift. The link between connectivity, group mass and …
Characterizing the assembly of dark matter halos with protohalo size histories: I. Redshift evolution, relation to descendant halos, and halo assembly bias
Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University（北京大学科维理天文与天体物理研究所）；University of Massachusetts Amherst（马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校）；University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）；Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学）
ZEUS-2, the second generation (z)Redshift and Early Universe Spectrometer, like its predecessor is a moderate resolution (R~1000) long-slit, echelle grating spectrometer optimized for the detection of faint, broad lines from distant galaxies. It is designed for studying star-formation across cosmic time. ZEUS-2 employs three TES bolometer arrays (555 pixels total) to deliver simultaneous, multi-beam spectra in up to 4 submillimeter windows. The NIST Boulder-built arrays operate at ~100mK and are readout via SQUID multiplexers and the Multi-Channel Electronics from the University of British Col…
Cosmic voids provide a unique environment to study galaxy formation and evolution. In this paper, we analyse a set of hydrodynamic zoom-in simulations of voids, to analyse in detail their inner structures. These voids were identified in a cosmological simulation and classified according to their surrounding dynamics at very large scales: whether they are in expansion or contraction at their outskirts. We study how these environments and the dynamics of voids impact the baryonic processes inside haloes and their mechanisms of formation and evolution. We find an under-abundance of processed gas …
We have been undertaking a systematic survey at 850 $μ$m based on a sample of four prototypical $z\sim2-3$ enormous Ly$α$ nebulae (ELANe) as well as their megaparsec-scale (Mpc-scale) environments to study the physical connections between ELANe and their coeval dusty submillimeter galaxies (SMGs). By analysing the SCUBA-2 data with self-consistent Monte Carlo simulations to construct the number counts, here, we report on the overabundance of 850 $μ$m-selected submillimeter sources around all the four ELANe, by a factor of 3.6$\pm$0.6 (weighted average) compared to the blank fields. This sugges…
The large-scale redshift-space distortion (RSD) in galaxy clustering can probe $fσ_8$, a combination of the cosmic structure growth rate and the matter fluctuation amplitude, which can constrain dark energy models and test theories of gravity. While the RSD on small scales (e.g. a few to tens of $h^{-1}{\rm Mpc}$) can further tighten the $fσ_8$ constraints, galaxy assembly bias, if not correctly modelled, may introduce systematic uncertainties. Using a mock galaxy catalogue with built-in assembly bias, we perform a preliminary study on how assembly bias may affect the $fσ_8$ inference. We find…
Current studies on Submillimeter Galaxies (SMGs) mostly focus on bright sources with 850 micron flux greater than 2 mJy, and the results have shown that they are likely high redshift mergers with z > 2 and could be a dominant population on star formation in the early Universe. However, bright SMGs only contributes 20-30% of the 850 micron extragalactic background light (EBL), meaning the bulk of the cosmic star formation still hidden by dust and our current understanding is biased. We have started a program to study an unbiased sample of highly-amplified and intrinsically faint SCUBA detected …
We present a new empirical model for the mass assembly of dark matter halos. We approximate the growth of individual halos as a simple power-law function of time, where the power-law index smoothly decreases as the halo transitions from the fast-accretion regime at early times, to the slow-accretion regime at late times. Using large samples of halo merger trees taken from high-resolution cosmological simulations, we demonstrate that our 3-parameter model, Diffmah, can approximate halo growth with a typical accuracy of 0.1 dex for t > 1 Gyr for all halos of present-day mass greater than 10^11Ms…
Context. Identifying the main processes of galaxy assembly at high redshifts is still a major issue to understand galaxy formation and evolution at early epochs in the history of the Universe. Aims. This work aims to provide a first insight into the dynamics and mass assembly of galaxies at redshifts 1.2<z<1.6, the early epoch just before the sharp decrease of the cosmic star formation rate. Methods. We use the near-infrared integral field spectrograph SINFONI on the ESO-VLT under 0.65 seeing to obtain spatially resolved spectroscopy on nine emission line galaxies with 1.2<z<1.6 from the VIMOS…
The scheduled launch of James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) in late 2021 marks a new start for studies of galaxy formation at high redshift z>~6 during the era of Cosmic Reionization. JWST can capture sensitive, high-resolution images and multi-object spectroscopy in the infrared that will transform our view of galaxy formation during the first billion years of cosmic history. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the role of galaxies in reionizing intergalactic hydrogen ahead of JWST, achieved through observations with Hubble Space Telescope and ground-based facilities including Keck,…
The advent of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) has enabled a new era for studies of the formation and assembly of distant galaxies. Cosmological deep field surveys with ALMA and other interferometers have flourished in the last few years covering wide ranges of galaxy properties and redshift, and allowing us to gain critical insights into the physical mechanisms behind the galaxy growth. Here, we present a brief review of recent studies that aim to characterize the interstellar medium properties of galaxies at high redshift ($z>1$), focusing on blank-field ALMA surveys o…
(Abridged) Processes driving mass assembly are expected to evolve on different timescales along cosmic time. A transition might happen around z ~ 1 as the cosmic star formation rate starts its decrease. Identifying the dynamical nature of galaxies on a representative sample is necessary to infer and compare the mass assembly mechanisms across cosmic time. We present an analysis of the kinematics properties of 50 galaxies with 0.9 < z < 1.6 from the MASSIV sample observed with SINFONI/VLT with 4.5x10^9 Msun < M < 1.7x10^11 Msun and 6 Msun/yr < SFR < 300 Msun/yr. This is the largest sample with …
In order to understand galaxy evolution through cosmic times it is critical to derive the properties of the molecular gas content of galaxies, i.e. the material out of which stars ultimately form. The last decade has seen rapid progress in this area, with the detection of massive molecular gas reservoirs at high redshifts in submillimeter-selected galaxies and quasars. In the latter case, molecular gas reservoirs have been quantified out to redshifts z>6, i.e. towards the end of cosmic reionization when the universe was less than one Gyr old. The recent discovery of molecular gas in more norma…
Galaxy and Halo Root Systems: Fingerprints of Mass Assembly
Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaiì at Mānoa（夏威夷大学马诺阿分校天文学研究所）；Blue Marble Space（蓝大理石空间）；UNAM, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Astronomía（墨西哥国立自治大学天文学研究所）
Understanding the different mechanisms of galaxy assembly at various cosmic epochs is a key issue for galaxy evolution and formation models. We present MASSIV (Mass Assembly Survey with SINFONI in VVDS) in this context, an on-going survey with VLT/SINFONI aiming to probe the kinematics and chemical abundances of a unique sample of 84 star-forming galaxies selected in the redshift range z ~ 1-2. This large sample, spanning a wide range of stellar masses, is unique at these high redshifts and statistically representative of the overall galaxy population. In this paper, we give an overview of the…
We report the detection of CO 2-1, 5-4, and 6-5 emission in the highest-redshift submillimeter galaxy (SMG) AzTEC-3 at z=5.298, using the Expanded Very Large Array and the Plateau de Bure Interferometer. These observations ultimately confirm the redshift, making AzTEC-3 the most submillimeter-luminous galaxy in a massive z=5.3 protocluster structure in the COSMOS field. The strength of the CO line emission reveals a large molecular gas reservoir with a mass of 5.3e10 (alpha_CO/0.8) Msun, which can maintain the intense 1800 Msun/yr starburst in this system for at least 30 Myr, increasing the st…
We use the GAMA I dataset combined with GALEX, SDSS and UKIDSS imaging to construct the low-redshift (z<0.1) galaxy luminosity functions in FUV, NUV, ugriz, and YJHK bands from within a single well constrained volume of 3.4 x 10^5 (Mpc/h)^{3}. The derived luminosity distributions are normalised to the SDSS DR7 main survey to reduce the estimated cosmic variance to the 5 per cent level. The data are used to construct the cosmic spectral energy distribution (CSED) from 0.1 to 2.1 \mum free from any wavelength dependent cosmic variance for both the elliptical and non-elliptical populations. The t…
We present the results of wide-field deep JHK imaging of the SSA22 field using MOIRCS instrument equipped with Subaru telescope. The observed field is 112 arcmin^2 in area, which covers the z=3.1 protocluster characterized by the overdensities of Ly Alpha emitters (LAEs) and Ly Alpha Blobs (LABs). The 5 sigma limiting magnitude is K_{AB} = 24.3. We extract the potential protocluster members from the K-selected sample by using the multi-band photometric-redshift selection as well as the simple color cut for distant red galaxies (DRGs; J-K_{AB}>1.4). The surface number density of DRGs in our obs…
Resolving the Assembly of Disk Galaxies from the Epoch of Reionisation to Cosmic Noon
Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University（澳大利亚国立大学天体物理与天文学研究学院）；Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF)（意大利国家天体物理研究所）；Scuola Normale Superiore（比萨高等师范学院）；Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen（格罗宁根大学卡普坦天体物理研究所）；DARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen（哥本哈根大学尼尔斯玻尔研究所DARK中心）
The existence of submillimeter-selected galaxies (SMGs) at redshifts z>4 has recently been confirmed. Using simultaneously all the available data from UV to radio we have modeled the spectral energy distributions of the six known spectroscopically confirmed SMGs at z>4. We find that their star formation rates (average ~2500 MSun yr^{-1}), stellar (~3.6x10^{11} MSun) and dust (~6.7x10^{8} MSun) masses, extinction (A_V~2.2 mag), and gas-to-dust ratios (~60) are within the ranges for 1.7<z<3.6 SMGs. Our analysis suggests that infrared-to-radio luminosity ratios of SMGs do not change up to redshif…
We present high-resolution maps of stars, dust, and molecular gas in a strongly lensed submillimeter galaxy (SMG) at z = 3.259. HATLAS12--00 is selected from the Herschel-Astrophysical Terahertz Large Area Survey (H-ATLAS) as a strong lens candidate mainly based on its unusually high 500um flux density (~300 mJy). It is the only high-redshift Planck detection in the 130 deg^2 H-ATLAS Phase 1 area. Keck Adaptive Optics images reveal a quadruply imaged galaxy in the K-band while the Submillimeter Array and the Extended Very Large Array show doubly imaged 880um and CO(1-0) sources, indicating dif…
