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arXiv 0905.4389astro-ph.CO
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AGN防尘环:X射线-红外线连接

AGN dust tori: the X-ray-infrared connection

Michael Rowan-Robinson, Ivan Valtchanov, Kirpal Nandra

摘要:

我们将Lockman的CLASXS Chandra巡天与Spitzer SWIRE巡天资料结合起来研究活动星系核的X射线-红外联系。样品由401个X射线源组成,其中306个被斯皮策探测到,另外257个候选活动星系核通过它们的尘埃环被探测到,但没有被钱德拉探测到。对于X射线源,X射线硬度比已根据吸收N(H)的幂律建模。光学和红外数据已在我们完善的光学星系和类星体模板,红外模板的基础上辐射转移模型建模。我们对N(H)分布的估计与其他研究一致,但我们确实在z 0.5处发现了更高比例的低吸收物体< 0.5 than at z >。虽然我们只发现了一个N(H)&gt; 10^{24} cm^{-2}的X射线活动星系核,但我们认为,有10个环面光度明显超过热测X射线至3 μm光度的天体是被X射线大量吸收的强有力候选者。我们还估计,至少有一半的红外探测到的活动星系核尘埃环,这是在X射线检测不到的可能是康普顿厚。我们对康普顿厚度天体总数的估计相当于SWIRE-CLASXS组合样本的&gt; 20%(上限为39%)。灰尘覆盖系数的范围为1- 100%,平均值为40%,即40%的2型分数。通过尘埃环光度与X射线或(对于第1类天体)光学光度的比值来测量,覆盖因子似乎在活动星系核的中等光度处减小,这与基于窄线和宽线光谱比值的估计相矛盾,但在活动星系核的低光度处可能再次增加。

英文摘要:

We have combined the CLASXS Chandra survey in Lockman with the Spitzer SWIRE survey data to study the X-ray-infrared connection for AGN. The sample consists of 401 X-ray-sources, of which 306 are detected by Spitzer, and a further 257 AGN candidates detected through their dust torus, but not by Chandra. For X-ray sources the X-ray hardness ratio has been modelled in terms of a power-law with absorption N(H). The optical and infrared data have been modelled in terms of our well-established optical galaxy and QSO templates, and infrared templates based on radiative transfer models. Our estimate of the N(H) distribution is consistent with other studies, but we do find a higher proportion of low absorption objects at z < 0.5 than at z > 0.5. While we find only one X-ray AGN with N(H) > 10^{24} cm^{-2}, we argue that 10 objects with torus luminosity apparently exceeding the bolometric X-ray to 3 μm luminosity are strong candidates for being heavily absorbed in X-rays. We also estimate that at least half of the infrared-detected AGN dust tori which are undetected in X-rays are likely to be Compton thick. Our estimate of the total number of Compton-thick objects corresponds to > 20%$ of the combined SWIRE-CLASXS sample (and with an upper limit of 39 %). The range of dust covering factors is 1-100 %, with a mean of 40 %, ie a Type 2 fraction of 40 %. Measured by the ratio of dust torus luminosity to X-ray or (for Type 1 objects) optical luminosity, the covering factor appears to decrease towards intermediate AGN luminosity, in contradiction to estimates based on ratios of narrow-line and broad-line spectra, but may increase again at low AGN luminosity.

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