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arXiv 0905.3919astro-ph.EPastro-ph.GAphysics.geo-phq-bio.PE
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天文学对气候变化和mass extinctions影响的证据

The evidence for and against astronomical impacts on climate change and mass extinctions: A review

C. A. L. Bailer-Jones

摘要:

过去30年的大量研究表明,太阳在银河系中的运动与地球质量变化或气候变化之间存在因果关系。提出的机制包括彗星撞击(通过奥尔特云的扰动),宇宙射线和超新星,其影响受到太阳通过银河系中平面或螺旋臂的影响。化石记录中的周期性、撞击坑日期或中生代(过去5.45亿年)的气候指标经常被引用作为支持这些假设的证据。这仍然是一个有争议的问题,发表了许多反驳和答复。在这里,我回顾了天文现象与气候变化和进化的相关性的机制和证据。这必然包括对时间序列分析技术和假设检验的批判性评估。一些研究在方法上存在缺陷,特别是在排除零假设的基础上得出了错误的结论。我的结论是,几乎没有证据表明生物多样性、撞击坑或气候在几十到几百万年的时间尺度上具有内在的周期性。此外,银河系中平面和旋臂交叉似乎对生物或气候变化的影响很小或没有超过背景水平。(截短)

英文摘要:

Numerous studies over the past 30 years have suggested there is a causal connection between the motion of the Sun through the Galaxy and terrestrial mass extinctions or climate change. Proposed mechanisms include comet impacts (via perturbation of the Oort cloud), cosmic rays and supernovae, the effects of which are modulated by the passage of the Sun through the Galactic midplane or spiral arms. Supposed periodicities in the fossil record, impact cratering dates or climate proxies over the Phanerozoic (past 545 Myr) are frequently cited as evidence in support of these hypotheses. This remains a controversial subject, with many refutations and replies having been published. Here I review both the mechanisms and the evidence for and against the relevance of astronomical phenomena to climate change and evolution. This necessarily includes a critical assessment of time series analysis techniques and hypothesis testing. Some of the studies have suffered from flaws in methodology, in particular drawing incorrect conclusions based on ruling out a null hypothesis. I conclude that there is little evidence for intrinsic periodicities in biodiversity, impact cratering or climate on timescales of tens to hundreds of Myr. Furthermore, Galactic midplane and spiral arm crossings seem to have little or no impact on biological or climate variation above background level. (truncated)

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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