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arXiv 0905.3654astro-ph.GA
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半人马座欧米茄前方星际云的详细地图:银河圆盘-光环界面的小尺度结构

Detailed maps of interstellar clouds in front of omega Centauri: Small-scale structures in the Galactic Disc-Halo interface

Jacco Th. van Loon, Keith T. Smith, Iain McDonald, Peter J. Sarre, Stephen J. Fossey, Robert G. Sharp

摘要:

我们利用英澳望远镜AAOmega摄谱仪的多路复用功能,在附近(~5 kpc)、银河系最大的球状星团半人马座欧米茄前面,绘制了一幅半平方度的中性和低电离ISM地图。它的红移、贫金属和热水平分支恒星探测到中等强度的Ca II K和Na I D2线吸收,以及在大约1秒差距的尺度上,在DIBs 5780和DIBs 5797中的弱吸收。从这些数据中出现的运动学和物理学图像是,我们主要探测银河系盘-晕界面的温暖中性介质和弱电离介质,中平面以上约0.3-1 kpc。与斯皮策太空望远镜24微米和DIRBE/IRAS的温暖和寒冷的尘埃排放图的比较证实,钠I和钙II跟踪温暖的中性和弱电离介质的整体柱密度。可以看到钙原子从气相耗尽成尘埃颗粒的明显特征。奇怪的是,粗略的DIRBE/IRAS地图是一个更可靠的表示之间的相对变红的视线比钠I和钙II吸收线测量,最有可能是因为后者是敏感的波动,在当地的电离条件。DIB的行为是一致的,在紫外线辐射水平相对较高的地区,如在盘-晕界面,5780波段比5797波段强。这个区域对应于一个sigma型云。总而言之,我们的地图和简单的分析模型计算以前所未有的细节表明,螺旋星系的平面外气体中存在小尺度密度和/或电离结构。(节略)

英文摘要:

We used the multiplex capabilities of the AAOmega spectrograph at the Anglo-Australian Telescope to create a half-square-degree map of the neutral and low-ionized ISM in front of the nearby (~5 kpc), most massive Galactic globular cluster, omega Centauri. Its redshifted, metal-poor and hot horizontal branch stars probe the medium-strong Ca II K and Na I D2 line absorption, and weak absorption in the lambda5780 and lambda5797 Diffuse Interstellar Bands (DIBs), on scales around a parsec. The kinematical and thermodynamical picture emerging from these data is that we predominantly probe the warm neutral medium and weakly-ionized medium of the Galactic Disc-Halo interface, ~0.3-1 kpc above the mid-plane. A comparison with Spitzer Space Telescope 24-micron and DIRBE/IRAS maps of the warm and cold dust emission confirms that both Na I and Ca II trace the overall column density of the warm neutral and weakly-ionized medium. Clear signatures are seen of the depletion of calcium atoms from the gas phase into dust grains. Curiously, the coarse DIRBE/IRAS map is a more reliable representation of the relative reddening between sightlines than the Na I and Ca II absorption-line measurements, most likely because the latter are sensitive to fluctuations in the local ionization conditions. The behaviour of the DIBs is consistent with the lambda5780 band being stronger than the lambda5797 band in regions where the ultraviolet radiation level is relatively high, as in the Disc-Halo interface. This region corresponds to a sigma-type cloud. In all, our maps and simple analytical model calculations show in unprecedented detail that small-scale density and/or ionization structures exist in the extra-planar gas of a spiral galaxy. (abridged)

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