Suppression of diamagnetism in superconducting nanorings by quantum fluctuations
英文摘要：
Zero resistance, diamagnetism (Meissner effect) and the energy gap in the excitation spectrum are the fundamental attributes of superconductivity. In nanoparticles with characteristic size 10 nm superconductivity is suppressed by the quantization of the electron energy spectrum. In narrow quasi-1D superconducting channels thermal fluctuations enable zero resistance only at temperatures noticeably below the critical temperature Tc, while quantum fluctuations suppress the dissipationless electric current in ultra-narrow superconducting nanowires even at temperatures close to T=0. Here we demonstrate that the same essentially nanoscale phenomenon, quantum fluctuations, is responsible for quenching diamagnetism in superconducting nanorings dramatically affecting the magnitude, the period and the shape of the circulating persistent currents (PCs). The effect is of fundamental importance for our understanding of the behavior of a quantum coherent system at nanoscales; and should be taken in consideration in various nanoscience applications.
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