托尔曼表面亮度测试的扩展的现实。V.三个遥远的HST星系团的试验来源和数据的新表示
The Tolman Surface Brightness Test for the Reality of the Expansion. V. Provenance of the Test and a New Representation of the Data for Three Remote HST Galaxy Clusters
摘要：
一个新的减少的HST测光数据E星系在三个遥远的星系团在红移z=0.85附近的托尔曼表面亮度（SB）信号的扩张的现实搜索。由于具有内在尺寸的星系的SB变化很大，并且由于托尔曼检验是关于表面亮度的，因此我们必须考虑这种变化。在测试的早期版本中，Lubin & Sandage校准了变化。相比之下，这里使用本地和远程样本的固定半径箱进行测试。在星系图像中，比较表面亮度值的位置是由半径定义的，彼得罗斯的eta值从1.0到2.0不等。Sersic光度配置文件被用来生成两个诊断图，定义了整个星系图像的平均SB分布。由Sersic分布的r^n族定义的Sersic指数n=0.46适合本地和远程样本。在<SB>彼得罗森eta半径范围内的红移的调光图显示了一个非常重要的托尔曼信号，但在回顾时间的光度演化退化。膨胀是真实的，在R-cape和I-cape光度静止框架带的平均红移分别为0.8等和0.4等时存在光度演化，与Bruzual和Charlot的演化模型一致。
英文摘要：
A new reduction is made of the HST photometric data for E galaxies in three remote clusters at redshifts near z=0.85 in search for the Tolman surface brightness (SB) signal for the reality of the expansion. Because of the strong variation of SB of such galaxies with intrinsic size, and because the Tolman test is about surface brightness, we must account for the variation. In an earlier version of the test, Lubin & Sandage calibrated the variation out. In contrast, the test is made here using fixed radius bins for both the local and remote samples. Homologous positions in the galaxy image at which to compare the surface brightness values are defined by radii at five Petrosian eta values ranging from 1.0 to 2.0. Sersic luminosity profiles are used to generate two diagnostic diagrams that define the mean SB distribution across the galaxy image. A Sersic exponent, defined by the r^n family of Sersic profiles, of n=0.46 fits both the local and remote samples. Diagrams of the dimming of the <SB> with redshift over the range of Petrosian eta radii shows a highly significance Tolman signal but degraded by luminosity evolution in the look-back time. The expansion is real and a luminosity evolution exists at the mean redshift of the HST clusters of 0.8 mag in R_cape and 0.4 mag in the I_cape photometric rest-frame bands, consistent with the evolution models of Bruzual and Charlot.
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