In nearby clusters early-type galaxies follow isotropic orbits, while the orbits of late-type galaxies are characterized by slightly radial anisotropy. Little is known about the orbits of the different populations of cluster galaxies at redshift above z~0.3. Here we investigate the redshift evolution of the orbits of cluster galaxies using two samples of galaxy clusters spanning similar (evolutionary corrected) mass ranges at different redshifts. The low-redshift (z~0.0-0.1) sample is extracted from the ENACS catalog and the high-redshift (z~0.4-0.8) sample is mostly made of clusters from the EDisCS. For each of these samples, we solve the Jeans equation for hydrostatic equilibrium separately for two cluster galaxy populations, characterized by the presence and, respectively, absence of emission-lines in their spectra ('ELGs' and 'nELGs' hereafter). Using two tracers of the gravitational potential allows to partially break the well known mass-velocity anisotropy degeneracy.
We find no significant evolution for the orbits of ELGs. On the other hand the orbits of nELGs do evolve, from radial to isotropic with time. We speculate that this evolution may be driven by the secular mass growth of galaxy clusters during their fast accretion phase. The mass density profiles of the clusters are well fit by NFW models both in the low-z and in the high-z samples. The best-fit NFW concentrations and their redshift evolution are in agreement with the predictions of Lambda CDM cosmological simulations. The evolution of the number density profile of nELGs is opposite to that of the mass density profile, becoming less concentrated with time, probably a result of the transformation of ELGs into nELGs [abridged].
On the orbital and internal evolution of cluster galaxies
居住在星系团环境中的星系团在其轨道运动中经历了显着的演变,这是伴随着各向异性参数的变化,测量径向和切向运动的相对重要性,为给定的一类物体。随着轨道的变化,星系团中的星系在其热/冷气体含量和恒星形成特性方面都会发生严重的变化。了解星系内部性质的变化与其轨道运动之间的联系对于研究星系演化至关重要,因为它可以揭示其环境依赖性的主要机制。内部性质的变化是否与轨道运动的变化同时发生?或者,是轨道的特点,在时间的下降,是什么决定了命运的成员星系?或者:星系在某一特定时间的性质是与同时代的轨道各向异性有关,还是与坠落时的各向异性有更好的关系?为了回答这些问题,我们研究了Guo et al.(2011)应用于千年模拟的半解析模型中不同星系群的轨道演化。对于每一类物体,其特征在于不同的内部属性(如年龄,恒星形成率和颜色),我们研究了红移为零的各向异性剖面及其演变,通过追溯祖先的时间。我们的结论是,轨道属性强烈影响随后的演变的星系的内部特征和星系人口的整体各向异性往往会随着时间的推移而增加。
Joint constraints on gravity and stellar orbital anisotropy in massive galaxies
Shanghai Normal University(上海师范大学);National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Science(中国科学院国家天文台);Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Science(中国科学院紫金山天文台);South-Western Institute for Astronomy Research, Yunnan University(云南大学西南天文研究所);Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Science(中国科学院上海天文台)
Orbital Dependence of Galaxy Properties in Satellite Systems of Galaxies
我们利用SDSS数据研究了卫星星系的性质与宿主星系的距离和轨道运动的关系。从SDSS DR 7中,我们发现了3515个z<0.03的孤立卫星星系系统,其中包含8904个卫星星系。使用这个样本,我们构建了一个目录的635颗卫星与215个宿主星系的自旋方向确定我们的检查的SDSS彩色图像和/或文献中的光谱观测。根据卫星星系相对于宿主星系自旋方向的轨道运动,我们将卫星星系分为逆轨道和逆轨道子样本。我们发现,在反轨道上的星系的数量几乎等于逆行轨道星系的数量:在反轨道上的卫星星系的比例为50+/-2%。发现卫星相对于其宿主的速度分布几乎是对称的:卫星的中值整体旋转为-1+/-8 km/s。研究发现,在逆轨道上,早型卫星的径向分布强烈地集中在宿主星上,而逆行卫星的径向分布则不那么集中。我们还发现,在逆轨道的晚型卫星的轨道速度增加的投影到主机的距离(R)的减少,而那些在逆行轨道的速度减少。当R小于宿主维里半径的0.1倍时,顺向轨道和逆行轨道的轨道速度都减小。无论是早期还是晚期形态类型,顺行卫星平均比逆行卫星更暗。对于逆行和逆行轨道晚型卫星,随着R的减小,u-r颜色变得更红。逆行轨道卫星和逆行轨道卫星之间的差异可能归因于它们的不同起源或它们通过与宿主星系的流体动力学相互作用所经历的物理过程的不同强度。