电子和原子系统中的量子冷却
Aspects of quantum cooling in electron and atom systems
摘要：
研究了非绝热电子热泵的一些特性，并将其与量子冷却的一般问题联系起来。如果外部驱动信号是时间对称的，则非弹性反射有助于加热。冷却功率的量子，$π^2 k_B^2 T^2/6h$，示出为在任意驱动信号的存在下每个传输通道的冷却速率的上限。讨论了体原子冷却的量子极限。在电子隧穿极限，它示出，电子冷却仍然发生，如果相干交流源被替换为一个足够热的热浴。与相关的制冷装置的比较。
英文摘要：
Some features of nonadiabatic electron heat pumps are studied and connected to general questions of quantum cooling. Inelastic reflection is shown to contribute to heating if the external driving signal is time-symmetric. The quantum of cooling power, $π^2 k_B^2 T^2/6h$, is shown to be an upper limit to the cooling rate per transport channel in the presence of an arbitrary driving signal. The quantum limit to bulk atom cooling is also discussed. Within the electron tunneling limit, it is shown that electron cooling still occurs if the coherent ac source is replaced by a sufficiently hot thermal bath. A comparison with related refrigeration setups is presented.
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