玻色子约瑟夫森结在平均场区的量子噪声测温
Quantum noise thermometry for bosonic Josephson junctions in the mean field regime
摘要：
玻色约瑟夫森结可以通过将玻色子中的超冷气体限制在多阱阱中来实现，并采用$M$ -位玻色-哈伯德模型进行了理论研究。我们证明了$M$ -site Bose-哈伯德模型的正则平衡态可以用相干态的混合物来近似，只要原子数很大，总能量与$k_BT$相当。利用这种近似，我们研究了玻色子约瑟夫森结在平均场区的热涨落。相对相位和数量的波动的统计估计，通过平均多次重复的实验，可以用来估计温度和隧道参数，或测试实验过程是否有效地从一个典型的热平衡系综采样。
英文摘要：
Bosonic Josephson junctions can be realized by confining ultracold gases of bosons in multi-well traps, and studied theoretically with the $M$-site Bose-Hubbard model. We show that canonical equilibrium states of the $M$-site Bose-Hubbard model may be approximated by mixtures of coherent states, provided the number of atoms is large and the total energy is comparable to $k_BT$. Using this approximation, we study thermal fluctuations in bosonic Josephson junctions in the mean field regime. Statistical estimates of the fluctuations of relative phase and number, obtained by averaging over many replicates of an experiment, can be used to estimate the temperature and the tunneling parameter, or to test whether the experimental procedure is effectively sampling from a canonical thermal equilibrium ensemble.
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