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arXiv 0905.1587cs.DM
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不可满足线性CNF公式是大而复杂的

Unsatisfiable Linear CNF Formulas Are Large and Complex

Dominik Scheder

摘要:

我们称CNF公式为线性的,如果任何两个子句最多有一个公共变量。我们证明了存在不超过4k^2个4^k子句的不可满足线性k-CNF公式,而任何不超过4^k/(8e^2k^2)子句的线性k-CNF公式都是可满足的.上界使用概率的方法,我们没有明确的结构来接近它,原因之一是不可满足线性公式比一般(非线性)公式表现出更复杂的结构:首先,任何不可满足线性k-CNF公式的任何树状归结反驳的大小至少为2^(2^(k/2-1))$。这意味着小的不可满足的线性k-CNF公式是Davis-Putnam型分裂算法的困难实例。其次,如果我们要求公式F有严格的归结树,即F的每个子句在归结树中只使用一次,那么我们至少需要a^a^..^ a子句,其中a约为2,该塔的高度约为k。

英文摘要:

We call a CNF formula linear if any two clauses have at most one variable in common. We show that there exist unsatisfiable linear k-CNF formulas with at most 4k^2 4^k clauses, and on the other hand, any linear k-CNF formula with at most 4^k/(8e^2k^2) clauses is satisfiable. The upper bound uses probabilistic means, and we have no explicit construction coming even close to it. One reason for this is that unsatisfiable linear formulas exhibit a more complex structure than general (non-linear) formulas: First, any treelike resolution refutation of any unsatisfiable linear k-CNF formula has size at least 2^(2^(k/2-1))$. This implies that small unsatisfiable linear k-CNF formulas are hard instances for Davis-Putnam style splitting algorithms. Second, if we require that the formula F have a strict resolution tree, i.e. every clause of F is used only once in the resolution tree, then we need at least a^a^...^a clauses, where a is approximately 2 and the height of this tower is roughly k.

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