利用实时交通信息实现Wardrop均衡
Realizing Wardrop Equilbria with Real-Time Traffic Information
摘要：
多条路径的Wardrop均衡要求每条路径上的旅行时间相等。对于有关行程时间的实时交通数据，分析如何使用所提供的信息非常重要。特别是，Wardrop均衡能实现吗？模拟使用三相模型的两个路由的例子来回答这个问题。一条路线（主线）是一条双车道高速公路，右车道上有一辆抛锚的车辆，另一条路线是一条低速绕行线。对于临界来流，观察到失速车辆附近的自由流和拥塞流之间的相变，这是一个具有挑战性的例子。在第一种情况下，司机根据当前的旅行时间自私地选择路线。由于所提供信息的固有延迟，结果是旅行时间出现强烈波动。第二种情况涉及一个假设的控制系统，该系统限制主线上的车辆数量，以通过将足够的流量分流到旁路来防止自由流到分流相变。由此产生的稳定状态既不是Wardrop平衡，也不是系统最优，而是一个中间状态，其中主线行程时间小于旁路，但所有车辆的平均值接近最小值。在第三种情况下，预测被用作驾驶员建议系统，以提供关于采取哪条路线的公平指示。预测是基于实时数据，将车辆离开起点时主线上的车辆数量与到达目的地时的实际行驶时间进行比较。近似Wardrop平衡，或接近他们的稳态，获得。
英文摘要：
A Wardrop equilibrium for multiple routes requires equal travel time on each path used. With real-time traffic data regarding travel times, it is important to analyze how to use the information provided. In particular, can a Wardrop equilibrium be realized? Simulations using the three-phase model on a two-route example are presented to answer this question. One route (the main line) is a two-lane highway with a stalled vehicle in the right lane and the other route is a low-speed bypass. For a critical incoming flow, a phase transition between free flow and congested flow near the stalled vehicle is observed, making this a challenging example. In the first scenario, drivers choose routes selfishly on the basis of current travel times. The result is strong oscillations in travel time because of the inherent delay in the information provided. The second scenario involves a hypothetical control system that limits the number of vehicles on the main line to prevent the free-flow to congested-flow phase transition by diverting sufficient flow to the bypass. The resulting steady state is neither a Wardrop equilibrium nor a system optimum, but an intermediate state in which the main-line travel time is less than on the bypass but the average for all vehicles is close to a minimum. In a third scenario, anticipation is used as a driver-advice system to provide a fair indicator of which route to take. Prediction is based on real-time data comparing the number of vehicles on the main line at the time a vehicle leaves the origin to the actual travel time when it reaches the destination. Steady states that approximate Wardrop equilbria, or close to them, are obtained.
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