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arXiv 0905.1081quant-ph
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纳米机械系统惯性质量传感的量子力学限制

Quantum Mechanical Limits to Inertial Mass Sensing by Nanomechanical Systems

P. -L. Giscard, M. Bhattacharya, P. Meystre

摘要:

我们确定了基于纳米力学系统的惯性质量传感的量子力学极限。我们首先考虑谐振悬臂梁,其振动频率被其表面的质量吸积所改变。我们表明,它的零点波动限制的质量灵敏度,可达到的参数,约一个电子质量。与经典悬臂梁的情况相比,我们发现量子力学悬臂梁的质量灵敏度在低温下在一定的参数范围内与其谐振频率无关。然后,我们考虑一个光学机械设置中的悬臂梁是反射的,并形成一个激光驱动的法布里-珀罗腔的一端。对于5的谐振器精细度,在T=0处的质量灵敏度被腔噪声限制为约四分之一道尔顿,但与自由悬臂相比,这种设置在有限温度下具有更有利的温度依赖性。

英文摘要:

We determine the quantum mechanical limits to inertial mass-sensing based on nanomechanical systems. We first consider a harmonically oscillating cantilever whose vibration frequency is changed by mass accretion at its surface. We show that its zero-point fluctuations limit the mass sensitivity, for attainable parameters, to about an electron mass. In contrast to the case of a classical cantilever, we find the mass sensitivity of the quantum mechanical cantilever is independent of its resonant frequency in a certain parameter regime at low temperatures. We then consider an optomechanical setup in which the cantilever is reflective and forms one end of a laser-driven Fabry-Pérot cavity. For a resonator finesse of 5 the mass sensitivity at T=0 is limited by cavity noise to about a quarter of a Dalton, but this setup has a more favorable temperature dependency at finite temperature, compared to the free cantilever.

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