普适常数、标准模型与基础计量学
Universal Constants, Standard Models and Fundamental Metrology
摘要：
考虑到四个普适常数，即普朗克常数$h$，光速$c$，引力常数$G$和玻尔兹曼常数$k$，导致根据三种理论来构建理论物理学，每种理论都考虑到一对常数：量子理论（$h$和$c$）、广义相对论（$c$和$G$）和量子统计学（$h$和$k$）。这三个理论尚未统一，但它们共同构成了标准模型的基础，这些模型允许对粒子物理学和宇宙学中的所有实验或观测数据进行令人满意的唯象描述，并且通过量子物理学的现代解释，它们提供了具有可靠理论基础的基本计量学。
英文摘要：
Taking into account four universal constants, namely the Planck's constant $h$, the velocity of light $c$, the constant of gravitation $G$ and the Boltzmann's constant $k$ leads to structuring theoretical physics in terms of three theories each taking into account a pair of constants: the quantum theory of fields ($h$ and $c$), the general theory of relativity ($c$ and $G$) and quantum statistics ($h$ and $k$). These three theories are not yet unified but, together, they underlie the standard models that allow a satisfactory phenomenological description of all experimental or observational data, in particle physics and in cosmology and they provide, through the modern interpretation of quantum physics, fundamental metrology with a reliable theoretical basis.
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