磁性、熵和第一台纳米机器
Magnetism, entropy, and the first nano-machines
摘要：
生物分子马达的效率源于可逆相互作用$\sim$ $k_B T$ ;稳定中间态的弱键（使化学能$direct$转化为机械能）。对于他们的（未知）的起源，我们认为，磁结构相（MSP）通过超顺磁性粒子（S-PPs）的吸积形成的Hadean洋底的磁性岩石托管电机般的扩散配体结合的S-PPs通过其模板层，其衍生物的范围从旋光性到量子相干性。一个温和的通量梯度提供了详细的平衡打破非平衡和$asymmetry$的磁偶极子，经历无穷小的自旋排列的变化。由于偶极的磁自由度，模板伙伴的局部H场对该背景的周期性扰动可以导致周期性的高和低模板亲和态。伴随的磁热效应允许系统熵和浴温度之间的交换。我们推测，在一个接近罗素和同事的土堆场景的环境中，有一个磁性复制器可以进化出生物棘轮。
英文摘要：
The efficiency of bio-molecular motors stems from reversible interactions $\sim$ $k_B T$; weak bonds stabilizing intermediate states (enabling $direct$ conversion of chemical into mechanical energy). For their (unknown) origins, we suggest that a magnetically structured phase (MSP) formed via accretion of super-paramagnetic particles (S-PPs) by magnetic rocks on the Hadean Ocean floor had hosted motor-like diffusion of ligand-bound S-PPs through its template-layers; its ramifications range from optical activity to quantum coherence. A gentle flux gradient offers both detailed-balance breaking non-equilibrium and $asymmetry$ to a magnetic dipole, undergoing infinitesimal spin-alignment changes. Periodic perturbation of this background by local H-fields of template-partners can lead to periodic high and low-template affinity states, due to the dipole's magnetic degree of freedom. An accompanying magnetocaloric effect allows interchange between system-entropy and bath temperature. We speculate on a magnetic reproducer in a setting close to the mound-scenario of Russell and coworkers that could evolve bio- ratchets.
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