基于辐射-流体动力学模拟数据的改进薄圆盘模型：外流与光子俘获的冲突
Modified Slim-Disk Model Based on Radiation-Hydrodynamic Simulation Data: The Conflict Between Outflow and Photon Trapping
摘要：
光子捕获和外流是超临界吸积流的两个关键物理现象。我们基于二维辐射流体动力学（RHD）模拟数据研究了这两个过程之间的冲突，并构建了一个简化的（径向）一维模型。薄盘模型中没有考虑外流引起的质量损失，这将降低流动的表面密度，如果非常显著，它将完全抑制光子捕获效应。反之，如果光子俘获非常显著，则由于辐射压力减小，外流将被抑制。为了了解实际发生的情况，我们检查了RHD模拟数据，并评估了吸积率和流出率作为半径的函数。我们发现，前者单调减少，而后者增加，随着半径的减小。然而，前者在小半径处保持恒定，在几个史瓦西半径内，因为流出被光子捕获效应抑制。为了更简单地理解光子捕获和外流之间的冲突，我们从模拟数据中模拟了吸积率的径向分布，并建立了一个新的（径向）一维模型，该模型类似于薄盘模型，但包含了由于外流引起的质量损失效应。我们发现，表面密度（和，因此，光学深度）是大大减少，即使在捕获半径内，与没有流出的情况相比，而有效的温度分布几乎没有变化。也就是说，出射光谱并不敏感地依赖于质量流出量。我们的结论是，薄盘的方法是有效的解释意见，即使外流被考虑在内。
英文摘要：
Photon trapping and outflow are two key physics associated with the supercritical accretion flow. We investigate the conflict between these two processes based on two-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamic (RHD) simulation data and construct a simplified (radially) one-dimensional model. Mass loss due to outflow, which is not considered in the slim-disk model, will reduce surface density of the flow, and if very significant, it will totally suppress photon trapping effects. If the photon trapping is very significant, conversely, outflow will be suppressed because radiation pressure force will be reduced. To see what actually occurs, we examine the RHD simulation data and evaluate the accretion rate and outflow rate as functions of radius. We find that the former monotonically decreases, while the latter increases, as the radius decreases. However, the former is kept constant at small radii, inside several Schwarzschild radii, since the outflow is suppressed by the photon trapping effects. To understand the conflict between the photon trapping and outflow in a simpler way, we model the radial distribution of the accretion rate from the simulation data and build up a new (radially) one-dimensional model, which is similar to the slim-disk model but incorporates the mass loss effects due to the outflow. We find that the surface density (and, hence, the optical depth) is much reduced even inside the trapping radius, compared with the case without outflow, whereas the effective temperature distribution hardly changes. That is, the emergent spectra do not sensitively depend on the amount of mass outflow. We conclude that the slim-disk approach is valid for interpreting observations, even if the outflow is taken into account.
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