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arXiv 0904.2409cond-mat.supr-con
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一维洁净超导体的临界速度

Critical velocity of a clean one-dimensional superconductor

Tzu-Chieh Wei, Paul M. Goldbart

摘要:

我们重新讨论干净的一维超导体的临界速度问题。在平均场论的水平上,我们发现临界速度的零温度值--超导态变得不稳定的超流凝聚体的均匀速度--是比朗道临界速度小\changed的因子。这与先前的发现相反,该发现认为临界速度等于朗道临界速度。我们的分析得出的临界速度的较小值是一个先发制人的Clogston-Eschrasekhar-like不连续相变的结果,并且是一个超导体的均匀交换场的阈值的模拟,以前由Sarma和Maki和Tsuneto研究过。我们还考虑了非零温度的影响,研究临界电流,并检查亚稳性及其限制的温度与流速相图。此外,我们评论的杂质的电子散射的影响。

英文摘要:

We revisit the problem of the critical velocity of a clean one-dimensional superconductor. {\changed At the level of mean-field theory}, we find that the zero-temperature value of the critical velocity--the uniform velocity of the superfluid condensate at which the superconducting state becomes unstable--is a factor of $\sqrt{2}$ smaller than the Landau critical velocity. This is in contrast to a prior finding, which held that the critical velocity is equal to the Landau critical velocity. The smaller value of the critical velocity, which our analysis yields, is the result of a pre-emptive Clogston-Chandrasekhar--like discontinuous phase transition, and is an analog of the threshold value of the uniform exchange-field of a superconductor, previously investigated by Sarma and by Maki and Tsuneto. We also consider the impact of nonzero temperature, study critical currents, and examine metastability and its limits in the temperature versus flow-velocity phase diagram. In addition, we comment on the effects of electron scattering by impurities.

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