QFT作为粒子产生和破坏的导波理论
QFT as pilot-wave theory of particle creation and destruction
摘要：
在量子场论（QFT）中，态是由多粒子波函数表示的，因此描述n个粒子的态依赖于n个时空位置。由于一般态是不同粒子数的态的叠加，所以波函数存在于由无穷多个四维闵可夫斯基时空的乘积所确定的位形空间中。波函数的平方绝对值被解释为位形空间中的概率密度，由此可以恢复QFT的标准概率预测。QFT的这种公式化和概率解释允许将波函数解释为描述确定性粒子轨迹的导频波，其自动包括粒子产生和破坏的确定性和连续描述。特别是，当与量子测量相关的条件波函数不再依赖于某个时空坐标时，相应粒子的四维速度就消失了，描述了一条停在时空中某个特定点的轨迹。在更一般的情况下，对这个时空坐标的依赖性小到可以忽略，但不是严格为零，在这种情况下，轨迹不会停止，但测量仪器仍然表现得好像这个粒子已经被摧毁了。
英文摘要：
States in quantum field theory (QFT) are represented by many-particle wave functions, such that a state describing n particles depends on n spacetime positions. Since a general state is a superposition of states with different numbers of particles, the wave function lives in the configuration space identified with a product of an infinite number of 4-dimensional Minkowski spacetimes. The squared absolute value of the wave function is interpreted as the probability density in the configuration space, from which the standard probabilistic predictions of QFT can be recovered. Such a formulation and probabilistic interpretation of QFT allows to interpret the wave function as a pilot wave that describes deterministic particle trajectories, which automatically includes a deterministic and continuous description of particle creation and destruction. In particular, when the conditional wave function associated with a quantum measurement ceases to depend on one of the spacetime coordinates, then the 4-velocity of the corresponding particle vanishes, describing a trajectory that stops at a particular point in spacetime. In a more general situation a dependence on this spacetime coordinate is negligibly small but not strictly zero, in which case the trajectory does not stop but the measuring apparatus still behaves as if this particle has been destroyed.
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