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arXiv 0904.2004astro-ph.SR
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辐射转移对低质量恒星形成的影响

The Effects of Radiative Transfer on Low-Mass Star Formation

S. S. R. Offner, R. I. Klein, C. F. McKee, M. R. Krumholz

摘要:

形成中的恒星会向其出生环境发出大量的辐射。我们使用ORION,自适应网格细化(AMR)三维重力辐射流体动力学代码,模拟低质量恒星形成的湍流分子云。我们比较的情况下,有和没有辐射转移的恒星质量,吸积率和温度的分布,我们表明,辐射反馈吸积,多重性和质量有深远的影响,通过减少形成的恒星的数量和气体变成恒星的总速率。我们还表明,一旦恒星形成达到稳定状态,原恒星辐射是迄今为止的主要能源模拟,超过粘性耗散和压缩加热至少一个数量级。忽略来自原恒星的辐射反馈的计算大大低估了气体温度和这种效应的强度。虽然来自原恒星的加热主要局限于原恒星的核心,但我们发现它足以抑制磁盘碎片,否则会导致非常低质量的同伴或褐矮星。我们证明了平均原恒星吸积率随着最终恒星质量的增加而增加,因此恒星形成时间只是质量的弱函数。

英文摘要:

Forming stars emit a substantial amount of radiation into their natal environment. We use ORION, an adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) three-dimensional gravito-radiation-hydrodynamics code, to simulate low-mass star formation in a turbulent molecular cloud. We compare the distribution of stellar masses, accretion rates, and temperatures in the cases with and without radiative transfer, and we demonstrate that radiative feedback has a profound effect on accretion, multiplicity, and mass by reducing the number of stars formed and the total rate at which gas turns into stars. We also show, that once star formation reaches a steady state, protostellar radiation is by far the dominant source of energy in the simulation, exceeding viscous dissipation and compressional heating by at least an order of magnitude. Calculations that omit radiative feedback from protstars significantly underestimate the gas temperature and the strength of this effect. Although heating from protostars is mainly confined to the protostellar cores, we find that it is sufficient to suppress disk fragmentation that would otherwise result in very low-mass companions or brown dwarfs. We demonstrate that the mean protostellar accretion rate increases with the final stellar mass so that the star formation time is only a weak function of mass.

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