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arXiv 0904.1965gr-qccond-mat.otherhep-ph
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有效理论中作为Minkowski度量参数的$\hbar$

$\hbar$ as parameter of Minkowski metric in effective theory

G. E. Volovik

摘要:

通过适当选择度量分量的维数,所有场的作用都变得无量纲。像真空光速c、普朗克常量\hbar、电荷e、粒子质量m、牛顿常数G这样的量永远不会进入以协变形式写成的方程,即,通过度量g^{μν}。光速c和普朗克常量是描述低能有效理论中平坦各向同性闵可夫斯基真空的广义相对论方程的一个特殊的双参数解族的参数:g^{μν}=diag(- \hbar^2,(\hbar c)^2,(\hbar c)^2,(\hbar c)^2)。它们将平衡量子真空态参数化。进入协变方程的物理量是静止能量M或其幂的无量纲量和维数的有量纲量。无旋量包括运行耦合“常数”α i;拓扑和几何量子数(角动量量子数j、弱电荷、电荷q、超电荷、重子和轻子电荷、原子数N等)。有意义的参数包括粒子的静止能量M_n(或/和质量矩阵)、维数为M^2的引力耦合K、维数为M^4的宇宙学常数等。在有效理论中,区间s的维数为1/M,它表征的是量子真空中粒子的动力学,而不是时空的几何。我们讨论了有效作用量和由有效作用量产生的可测量的物理量,包括进入约瑟夫森效应、量子霍尔效应等的参量。

英文摘要:

With the proper choice of the dimensionality of the metric components, the action for all fields becomes dimensionless. Such quantities as the vacuum speed of light c, the Planck constant \hbar, the electric charge e, the particle mass m, the Newton constant G never enter equations written in the covariant form, i.e., via the metric g^{μν}. The speed of light c and the Planck constant are parameters of a particular two-parametric family of solutions of general relativity equations describing the flat isotropic Minkowski vacuum in effective theory emerging at low energy: g^{μν}=diag(-\hbar^2, (\hbar c)^2, (\hbar c)^2, (\hbar c)^2). They parametrize the equilibrium quantum vacuum state. The physical quantities which enter the covariant equations are dimensionless quantities and dimensionful quantities of dimension of rest energy M or its power. Dimensionless quantities include the running coupling `constants' α_i; topological and geometric quantum numbers (angular momentum quantum number j, weak charge, electric charge q, hypercharge, baryonic and leptonic charges, number of atoms N, etc). Dimensionful parameters include the rest energies of particles M_n (or/and mass matrices); the gravitational coupling K with dimension of M^2; cosmological constant with dimension M^4; etc. In effective theory, the interval s has the dimension of 1/M; it characterizes the dynamics of particles in the quantum vacuum rather than geometry of space-time. We discuss the effective action, and the measured physical quantities resulting from the action, including parameters which enter the Josepson effect, quantum Hall effect, etc.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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