用超声波研究菲涅耳区的巴比涅原理
Babinet's principle in the Fresnel regime studied using ultrasound
摘要：
作为巴比涅原理在菲涅耳区的一个证明，我们研究了超声在圆盘和相同大小的孔上的衍射。测量了衍射超声波的振幅和相位，并通过在复平面上简单地画出矢量（相量）对结果进行了图解处理。结果验证了Babinet原理。还发现，入射波确实是90度的相位后，波通过一个圆孔的中心轴上。这个悖论以前被认为是菲涅耳理论的一个缺陷。所用的设备是作为一个台式仪器的学生实验室在一般科学和工程类。
英文摘要：
The diffraction of ultrasound by a circular disk and an aperture of the same size have been investigated as a demonstration of Babinet's principle in the Fresnel regime. The amplitude and the phase of diffracted ultrasonic waves have been measured, and a graphical treatment of the results is performed by simply drawing vectors (phasors) in the complex plane. The results verify Babinet's principle. It is also found that the incident wave is indeed 90 deg behind the phase of the wave passing through on the central axis of a circular aperture. This paradox has previously been regarded as a defect of Fresnel's theory. The apparatus used is intended as a table-top instrument for the student laboratory in general science and engineering classes.
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