PURPOSE: We develop a practical, iterative algorithm for image-reconstruction in under-sampled tomographic systems, such as digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT).
METHOD: The algorithm controls image regularity by minimizing the image total $p$-variation (TpV), a function that reduces to the total variation when $p=1.0$ or the image roughness when $p=2.0$. Constraints on the image, such as image positivity and estimated projection-data tolerance, are enforced by projection onto convex sets (POCS). The fact that the tomographic system is under-sampled translates to the mathematical property that many widely varied resultant volumes may correspond to a given data tolerance. Thus the application of image regularity serves two purposes: (1) reduction of the number of resultant volumes out of those allowed by fixing the data tolerance, finding the minimum image TpV for fixed data tolerance, and (2) traditional regularization, sacrificing data fidelity for higher image regularity. The present algorithm allows for this dual role of image regularity in under-sampled tomography.
RESULTS: The proposed image-reconstruction algorithm is applied to three clinical DBT data sets. The DBT cases include one with microcalcifications and two with masses.
CONCLUSION: Results indicate that there may be a substantial advantage in using the present image-reconstruction algorithm for microcalcification imaging.
Deep Learning Framework for Digital Breast Tomosynthesis Reconstruction
Radboud University Medical Center(拉德堡德大学医学中心);Delft University of Technology(代尔夫特理工大学);KTH Royal Institute of Technology(瑞典皇家理工学院);Elekta(医科达);Dutch Expert Centre for Screening(荷兰筛查专家中心)
Breast biomecanical modeling for compression optimization in digital breast tomosynthesis
乳房X光检查是一种特殊类型的乳房成像,使用低剂量X射线来检测早期癌症。在检查过程中,妇女的乳房被压缩在两个板之间,直到获得几乎均匀的乳房厚度。该技术提高了图像质量并减少了剂量,但也可能是患者不适的来源,有时甚至是疼痛。因此,允许减少乳房压迫的替代技术是潜在的兴趣。这项工作的目的是开发一个三维生物力学有限元(FE)乳房模型,以分析各种乳房压缩策略及其对图像质量和辐射剂量的影响。利用ANSYS软件对该模型进行了大变形模拟。由于重力和边界条件(胸部解剖结构,MRI机内患者的位置),特别注意模型中残余应力的计算。先前开发的生物力学乳房模型通过仅对脂肪和纤维腺体组织建模来使用简化的乳房解剖结构(Rajagopal等人,Wiley Intermittep Rev:Syst Biol Med 2:293- 304,2010)。然而,乳房再造手术已经证明了悬韧带和乳房筋膜对乳房力学的重要性(Lockwood in Plast Reconstr Surg 103:1411- 1420,1999)。因此,我们考虑使用更真实的乳房解剖结构,包括皮肤,肌肉和悬韧带。乳腺组织被建模为neo-Hookean材料。乳房的物理正确建模需要无应力乳房配置的知识。这里,这种未变形的形状(即,没有任何残余应力)使用Eiben等人提出的预测-校正迭代方案(Ann of Biomed Eng 44:154- 173,201…
Deep learning reconstruction of digital breast tomosynthesis images for accurate breast density and patient-specific radiation dose estimation
Radboud University Medical Center(拉德堡德大学医学中心);Netherlands Cancer Institute(荷兰癌症研究所);The University of Chicago(芝加哥大学);University of Pennsylvania(宾夕法尼亚大学);Lund University(隆德大学);Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology(巴尔德希伯伦肿瘤研究所);University of Barcelona(巴塞罗那大学);Dutch Expert Centre for Screening (LRCB)(荷兰筛查专家中心)
The CALMA system: an artificial neural network method for detecting masses and microcalcifications in digitized mammograms
CALMA(计算机辅助图书馆MAmmography)项目是一个五年计划,在INFN(国家核物理研究所)和许多意大利医院合作的物理研究框架内开发。目前,已收集了一个大型的数字化乳腺X线摄影图像数据库(超过6000个),并开发了一个基于神经网络算法的软件,用于搜索可疑的乳腺病变。有两种工具可用:基于监督和无监督前馈神经网络的微钙化聚类猎人,以及基于混合方法的大规模病变聚类。这两种算法都通过高频滤波器分析预处理的数字化图像。进行了临床试验,以评估系统的灵敏度和特异性,考虑系统作为单独和作为第二阅读器。结果表明,该系统是准备实施的医疗行业。刚刚结束的CALMA项目在GPCALMA(Grid Platform for CALMA)项目中有其自然的发展,在GPCALMA项目中,分布式用户加入公共资源(图像,工具,统计分析)。
Towards order of magnitude X-ray dose reduction in breast cancer imaging using phase contrast and deep denoising
The University of Melbourne(墨尔本大学);The University of Sydney(悉尼大学);Eastern Health(东部健康);Monash Health(莫纳什健康);Monash University(莫纳什大学);Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO(澳大利亚同步辐射中心,ANSTO);Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation(澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织)
Changes in Visual Attention Patterns for Detection Tasks due to Dependencies on Signal and Background Spatial Frequencies
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston(生物医学工程系,休斯顿大学);Department of Physics, University of Houston(物理系,休斯顿大学);Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston(电气与计算机工程系,休斯顿大学)