arXiv 0904.09232009-04-06quant-ph

单量子位量子信道的理论与实验研究

Scrutinizing single-qubit quantum channels: Theory and experiment with trapped ions

Thilo Hannemann, Christof Wunderlich, Martin Plesch, Mario Ziman, Vladimir Buzek

备注：: 5 figures

摘要：

我们报告实验实施的各种类型的量子位通道使用一个单独的被困离子。我们分析了实验数据，并根据这些数据进行了量子信道的层析重建。具体而言，我们研究了相位阻尼通道，其中阻尼作用于布洛赫球的xy平面或包含布洛赫球原点的任意平面。我们还通过实验实现并分析了除了相位阻尼之外还影响偏振旋转的量子信道。我们使用三种重建方案从实验数据中估计量子信道：（1）线性逆方法，（2）极大似然估计，和（3）约束极大似然估计。我们考虑到现实的实验条件下，不完善的测试状态的准备和有偏见的测量纳入估计方案。结果，我们发现，在测试状态的准备过程中以及在所考虑的离子阱系统的测量中存在的缺陷并不限制所需通道的实现的控制。即使测试状态和后续测量的不完善的准备仍然提供了足够的资源，完整的量子通道断层扫描。

英文摘要：

We report experimental implementation of various types of qubit channels using an individual trapped ion. We analyzed experimental data and we performed tomographic reconstruction of quantum channels based on these data. Specifically, we studied phase damping channels, where the damping acts either in the xy-plane of the Bloch sphere or in an arbitrary plane that includes the origin of the Bloch sphere. We also experimentally realized and consequently analyzed quantum channels that in addition to phase damping affect also a polarization rotation. We used three reconstruction schemes for estimation of quantum channels from experimental data: (1) a linear inverse method, (2) a maximum likelihood estimation, and (3) a constrained maximum likelihood estimation. We took into account realistic experimental conditions where imperfect test-state preparations and biased measurements are incorporated into the estimation schemes. As a result we found that imperfections present in the process of preparation of test states and as well as in measurements of the considered ion trap system do not limit the control of the implementation of the desired channel. Even imperfect preparation of test state and subsequent measurements still provide sufficient resources for the complete quantum-channel tomography.

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英文摘要：

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