速度增加时扩散粒子的车头距振荡和相变
Headway oscillations and phase transitions for diffusing particles with increased velocity
摘要：
考虑了$N$粒子在$L$位点上的不对称排斥过程，其中粒子在每一个无限小的时间步长内可以移动一个或两个位点.一个精确的分析N=2和平均场论与模拟的比较显示偶/奇振荡的车头时距分布的粒子。如果粒子试图以最大速度和粒子排斥尽可能远地移动，则振荡变得最大。一个相变分离两个密度分布周围产生的扰动，发挥了缺陷的作用。将矩阵积变换推广到有限$N$和$L$的精确解.从热力学上讲，车头时距分布产生的平均场结果为$N^{-1}\to 0$，而它通常不被描述的产品措施。
英文摘要：
An asymmetric exclusion process with $N$ particles on $L$ sites is considered where particles can move one or two sites per infinitesimal time-step. An exact analysis for N=2 and a mean-field theory in comparison with simulations show even/odd oscillations in the headway distribution of particles. Oscillations become maximal if particles try to move as far as possible with regard to their maximum velocity and particle exclusion. A phase transition separates two density profiles around a generated perturbation that plays the role of a defect. The matrix-product ansatz is generalized to obtain the exact solution for finite $N$ and $L$. Thermodynamically, the headway distribution yields the mean-field result as $N^{-1}\to 0$ while it is not described generally by a product measure.
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