星暴和银河系超风样本M82中超新星反馈效率和质量负荷
Supernova feedback efficiency and mass loading in the starburst and galactic superwind exemplar M82
摘要：
我们通过比较一套1维和2维流体动力学模型和一组来自星暴区硬X射线观测的观测约束，测量了星暴星系M82中超新星和星风反馈的净能量效率以及驱动其超风的热气活塞的质量负载程度（S、Ar、Ca和Fe的He-α和Ly-α类谱线的通量，以及总的漫射E=2- 8 keV X射线光度）。这是首次直接测量星暴星系中超新星加热和富集等离子体的反馈效率和质量负载。所有满足现有观测约束的模型都具有中等到高的热化效率（30% <= β <= 100$%），从星暴区流出的充满体积的风流体只有轻微的中心质量负荷（1.0 <= β <= 2.8）。这些结果表明，在星暴区内等离子体的温度在3000 - 8000万K之间，在星暴区外风流体的质量流率Mdot_tot ~ 1.4- 3.6Msol/yr，风的终极速度在v_infinity = 1410- 2240 km/s之间。这个速度比M82的逃逸速度（v_esc <~ 460 km/s）和M82风中的H-α发射团和细丝的速度（v_H-α ~ 600 km/s）要大得多。利用这些结果，我们提供了一个处方实施恒星爆驱动的超级宇宙学模型的星系形成和演化。（节录）
英文摘要：
We measure the net energy efficiency of supernova and stellar wind feedback in the starburst galaxy M82 and the degree of mass-loading of the hot gas piston driving its superwind by comparing a large suite of 1 and 2-dimensional hydrodynamical models to a set of observational constraints derived from hard X-ray observations of the starburst region (the fluxes of the He-alpha and Ly-alpha-like lines of S, Ar, Ca and Fe, along with the total diffuse E=2--8 keV X-ray luminosity). These are the first direct measurements of the feedback efficiency and mass-loading of supernova heated and enriched plasma in a starburst galaxy. All the models that satisfy the existing observational constraints have medium to high thermalization efficiencies (30% <= epsilon <= 100$%) and the volume-filling wind fluid that flows out of the starburst region is only mildly centrally mass loaded (1.0 <= beta <= 2.8). These results imply a temperature of the plasma within the starburst region in the range 30--80 million Kelvin, a mass flow rate of the wind fluid out of the starburst region of Mdot_tot ~ 1.4--3.6 Msol/yr and a terminal velocity of the wind in the range v_infinity = 1410--2240 km/s. This velocity is considerably larger than the escape velocity from M82 (v_esc <~ 460 km/s) and the velocity of the H-alpha emitting clumps and filaments within M82's wind (v_H-alpha ~ 600 km/s). Drawing on these results we provide a prescription for implementing starburst-driven superwinds in cosmological models of galaxy formation and evolution. (Abridged)
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