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arXiv 0903.4154astro-ph.SRastro-ph.GA
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天体测量学-增进我们对恒星结构和演化的理解

Astrometry - Challenging our Understanding of Stellar Structure and Evolution

G. Fritz Benedict, Todd J. Henry, Rob Olling

摘要:

恒星质量在我们理解恒星的形成和衰老中起着核心作用。恒星天文学主要基于两个地图,两者都间接或直接依赖于质量:赫兹-罗素图(HRD)和质量-光度关系(MLR)。这两幅地图的极端情况虽然不是未知地带,但都具有很大的不确定性。精确的HRD需要通过直接测量视差获得精确的距离。精确的MLR需要精确测量双星轨道参数,最终目标是对理论恒星模型进行严格测试。此类测试要求质量精度为~1%。这两个地图的实质性改进需要具有微秒弧测量精度的天体测量。为什么?为什么?首先,这两张恒星图的“顶部”包含相对罕见的天体,直到观测视界达到数百或数千秒差距才发现大量的天体。第二,这两张地图的“底部”和“侧面”都包含恒星,要么本质上是暗淡的,要么是稀有的,保证了很远的距离,因此明显是暗淡的。天文学家收集了大量高精度的质量,这些质量只能由具有微秒弧测量精度的天体测量提供,天文学家将能够对任何质量的恒星及其老化过程中的每个阶段的理论模型进行应力测试。

英文摘要:

Stellar mass plays a central role in our understanding of star formation and aging. Stellar astronomy is largely based on two maps, both dependent on mass, either indirectly or directly: the Hertzprung-Russell Diagram (HRD) and the Mass-Luminosity Relation (MLR). The extremes of both maps, while not terra incognita, are characterized by large uncertainties. A precise HRD requires precise distance obtained by direct measurement of parallax. A precise MLR requires precise measurement of binary orbital parameters, with the ultimate goal the critical test of theoretical stellar models. Such tests require mass accuracies of ~1%. Substantial improvement in both maps requires astrometry with microsecond of arc measurement precision. Why? First, the 'tops' of both stellar maps contain relatively rare objects, for which large populations are not found until the observing horizon reaches hundreds or thousands of parsecs. Second, the 'bottoms' and 'sides' of both maps contain stars, either intrinsically faint, or whose rarity guarantees great distance, hence apparent faintness. With an extensive collection of high accuracy masses that can only be provided by astrometry with microsecond of arc measurement precision, astronomers will be able to stress test theoretical models of stars at any mass and at every stage in their aging processes.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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