天文软件想要免费：宣言
Astronomical Software Wants To Be Free: A Manifesto
摘要：
天文软件现在是我们社区所有动手成员日常生活的一个事实。随着我们处理大量数据和模拟，用于数据简化和建模任务的专用软件变得越来越重要。然而，天文软件的编写是乏味的，回报并不总是明确的，并且存在结构性的抑制因素，以公开发布软件并将其嵌入科学文献中，这可能导致大量的重复工作和不完整的科学记录。我们确定了其中一些结构性阻碍因素，并提出了多种解决这些问题的方法，目标是提高天文软件的质量，改善科学家作者的数量，并为整个社区提供好处，类似于开放提供的好处访问大型调查和模拟数据集。我们的目标是就如何向前迈进展开对话。我们主张：（1）天文学界将软件视为设施建设和科学计划中不可或缺的、可资助的一部分;（2）软件发布应被视为开放和可复制的科学过程中不可或缺的一部分，就像出版物和数据发布一样;（3）我们采用技术和知识库来发布和合作软件，这些技术和知识库为开源软件工作;（4）我们寻求结构性的激励措施，使软件和相关出版物的发布更容易为科学家作者;（5）我们考虑资助基层软件开发的新方法;（6）我们重新思考我们的价值观，承认天文软件开发不仅仅是一项技术工作，而是我们科学实践的基本组成部分。
英文摘要：
Astronomical software is now a fact of daily life for all hands-on members of our community. Purpose-built software for data reduction and modeling tasks becomes ever more critical as we handle larger amounts of data and simulations. However, the writing of astronomical software is unglamorous, the rewards are not always clear, and there are structural disincentives to releasing software publicly and to embedding it in the scientific literature, which can lead to significant duplication of effort and an incomplete scientific record. We identify some of these structural disincentives and suggest a variety of approaches to address them, with the goals of raising the quality of astronomical software, improving the lot of scientist-authors, and providing benefits to the entire community, analogous to the benefits provided by open access to large survey and simulation datasets. Our aim is to open a conversation on how to move forward. We advocate that: (1) the astronomical community consider software as an integral and fundable part of facility construction and science programs; (2) that software release be considered as integral to the open and reproducible scientific process as are publication and data release; (3) that we adopt technologies and repositories for releasing and collaboration on software that have worked for open-source software; (4) that we seek structural incentives to make the release of software and related publications easier for scientist-authors; (5) that we consider new ways of funding the development of grass-roots software; (6) and that we rethink our values to acknowledge that astronomical software development is not just a technical endeavor, but a fundamental part of our scientific practice.
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