为什么光子不能被精确地定域
Why photons cannot be sharply localized
摘要：
光子不能定域在一个明确界定的区域。它们的能量密度和光子数密度的期望值只能近似局部化，留下指数尾。我们表明，一个可以急剧本地化的电或磁（但不是两者）的足迹的光子，只有暂时的。在时间演化的过程中，这种局限性立即被破坏。然而，相干态，像他们的经典对应物，可以没有任何限制的本地化。在我们的分析中的主要工具是一组空间相关的光子创建和湮灭运营商定义没有任何参考模式分解。
英文摘要：
Photons cannot be localized in a sharply defined region. The expectation value of their energy density and the photon number density can only be approximately localized, leaving an exponential tail. We show that one may sharply localize either electric or magnetic (but not both) footprints of photons, and only momentarily. In the course of time evolution this localization is immediately destroyed. However, the coherent states, like their classical counterparts, can be localized without any limitations. The main tool in our analysis is a set of space-dependent photon creation and annihilation operators defined without any reference to the mode decomposition.
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