Stephen Kent, Mary Elizabeth Kaiser, Susana E. Deustua, J. Allyn Smith, Saul Adelman, Sahar Allam, Brian Baptista, Ralph C. Bohlin, James L. Clem, Alex Conley, … 展开作者
Stephen Kent, Mary Elizabeth Kaiser, Susana E. Deustua, J. Allyn Smith, Saul Adelman, Sahar Allam, Brian Baptista, Ralph C. Bohlin, James L. Clem, Alex Conley, Jerry Edelstein, Jay Elias, Ian Glass, Arne Henden, Steve Howell, Randy A. Kimble, Jeffrey W. Kruk, Michael Lampton, Eugene A. Magnier, Stephan R. McCandliss, Warren Moos, Nick Mostek, Stuart Mufson, Terry D. Oswalt, Saul Perlmutter, Carlos Allende Prieto, Bernard J. Rauscher, Adam Riess, Abhijit Saha, Mark Sullivan, Nicholas Suntzeff, Alan Tokunaga, Douglas Tucker, Robert Wing, Bruce Woodgate, Edward L. Wright
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8 pages, 6 figures Science white paper for the Astro2010 Decadal Survey
The answers to fundamental science questions in astrophysics, ranging from the history of the expansion of the universe to the sizes of nearby stars, hinge on our ability to make precise measurements of diverse astronomical objects. As our knowledge of the underlying physics of objects improves along with advances in detectors and instrumentation, the limits on our capability to extract science from measurements is set, not by our lack of understanding of the nature of these objects, but rather by the most mundane of all issues: the precision with which we can calibrate observations in physical units. We stress the need for a program to improve upon and expand the current networks of spectrophotometrically calibrated stars to provide precise calibration with an accuracy of equal to and better than 1% in the ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared portions of the spectrum, with excellent sky coverage and large dynamic range.
Photometric redshift requirements for lens galaxies in galaxy-galaxy lensing analyses
弱引力透镜是研究星系形成和宇宙学的重要工具。在这里,我们量化的影响,使用光度红移(photo-z)在星系星系透镜,无论是源和镜头,无论是直接的目标,使用星系与photo-z作为镜头在斯隆数字巡天(SDSS),并作为一个示范的方法,为大型,即将到来的弱透镜调查,将由必然的主导镜头样本与photo-z。我们计算了透镜质量校准中的偏差以及绝对幅度的结果(即,k-校正)和恒星质量的估计,SDSS数据发布8(DR 8)星系的大样本。在SDSS DR 8 ugriz光度计上用基于模板的光z代码ZEBRA获得红移。我们组装和校准样品(~ 9 k光谱红移从四个调查),以获得光度红移误差和透镜偏差对应于我们的完整的SDSS DR 8镜头和源目录。我们对校准样品的测试还突出了当光谱校准覆盖其足迹的一小部分时成像调查中观察条件的影响;校准场中的非典型成像条件可能导致关于完整调查的照片z的错误结论。对于SDSS DR 8星表,透镜星表和源星表的σ_z/(1+z)分别为0.096和0.113,通量极限分别为r=21和r=21.8。我们还探讨了系统的不确定性时,使用源photo-z的透镜信号校准,镜头和源photo-z;鉴于现有的训练样本的大小,我们可以限制透镜信号校准(因此归一化的表面质量密度)分别在2%和4%。[删节]
Photometric Redshift Calibration with Self Organising Maps
精确的测光红移校准是从宇宙剪切调查的所有宇宙学约束的鲁棒性的核心。对KiDS的分析重新加权了来自所有重叠光谱调查的训练样本,以提供直接的红移校准。使用自组织映射(SOM),我们证明了这种光谱编译是足够完整的KiDS,代表$99\%$的有效的二维宇宙剪切样本。我们使用SOM来定义一个$100\%$代表“金”宇宙剪切样本,每个层析箱。使用模拟模拟KiDS和光谱训练集,我们估计的不确定性的SOM红移校准,并发现光度噪声,样本方差,光谱选择效应(包括红移和幅度不完整性)诱导合并的最大散射的红移分布重建($Δ\langle z \rangle=\langle z \rangle_{\rm est}-\langle z \rangle_{\rm true}$)的偏差$σ_{Δ\langle z \rangle} \leq 0.006$在所有的层析箱。我们表明,SOM校准是无偏的情况下,无噪声测光和完全代表性的光谱数据集,从理论上预期。在我们的模拟数据中包括光度噪声和光谱选择效应引入了最大偏差$Δ\langle z \rangle =0.013\pm0.006$,或$97.5\%$置信度下的$Δ\langle z \rangle \leq 0.025$,一旦质量标志已应用于SOM。这里提出的方法是一个显着的改进,以前采用的直接红移校准实施KiDS,由于其诊断和质量保证能力。在未来的宇宙剪切研究中…
Non-negative matrix factorization for self-calibration of photometric redshift scatter in weak lensing surveys
光z误差是系统学中降低弱透镜宇宙学推论准确性的主要原因之一。Zhang et al.(2010)提出了一种结合星系-星系相关性和星系-剪切相关性的自校准方法。Fisher矩阵分析表明,仅使用光度数据就可以确定0.01-1%水平的photo-z离群值比率,而不依赖于任何先验知识。在本文中,我们开发了一种新的算法来实现这种方法,通过解决自校准过程中出现的约束非线性优化问题。该算法基于不动点迭代和非负矩阵分解技术,能够高效、鲁棒地重建真z面元和光z面元之间的散射概率。该算法已经过广泛的测试,将其应用到模拟第四阶段弱透镜项目的模拟数据。我们发现,该算法提供了一个成功的恢复的散射率在0.01- 1%的水平,和真正的平均红移的photo-z仓在0.001的水平,这可能会满足要求,在未来的透镜调查。
Consistent Calibration of the Tip of the Red Giant Branch in the Large Magellanic Cloud on the Hubble Space Telescope Photometric System and a Re-determination of the Hubble Constant
BayeSN $\times$ Dovekie: Joint Photometric Cross-calibration and SED Modelling of Type Ia Supernovae
Institute of Astronomy and Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge(剑桥大学天体物理研究所与卡弗里宇宙学研究所);School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton(南安普顿大学物理与天文学院)