环形玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体流过壁障时涡致相滑移耗散
Vortex-Induced Phase Slip Dissipation in a Toroidal Bose-Einstein Condensate Flowing Through a Barrier
摘要：
本文研究了BEC在环面内通过排斥势垒时由于相滑移引起的超流耗散。当凝结物以有限的量子化角动量流动时，屏障在环形空间中被摩擦地升高。在临界高度处，涡流从内部区域移动并到达屏障，最终围绕环形物循环。在较高的临界高度，反涡也从外部区域进入环面。涡和反涡都通过留下$2π$相位滑移来减小总角动量。当它们碰撞并湮灭或沿同一圈轨道运行时，凝聚体遭受全局$2π$相位滑移，并且总角动量减少一个量子。在流体动力学区域，当局部超流速度等于势垒区域内的声速时，不稳定性开始。
英文摘要：
We study superfluid dissipation due to phase slips for a BEC flowing through a repulsive barrier inside a torus. The barrier is adiabatically raised across the annulus while the condensate flows with a finite quantized angular momentum. At a critical height, a vortex moves from the inner region and reaches the barrier to eventually circulate around the annulus. At a higher critical height, an anti-vortex also enters into the torus from the outer region. Both vortex and anti-vortex decrease the total angular momentum by leaving behind a $2π$ phase slip. When they collide and annihilate or orbit along the same loop, the condensate suffers a global $2π$ phase slip, and the total angular momentum decreases by one quantum. In hydrodynamic regime, the instability sets in when the local superfluid velocity equals the sound speed inside the barrier region.
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