量子电动力学中相互作用的持续时间：基本概念，动力学现象的时间特征
Duration of interactions in quantum electrodynamics: basic concepts, temporal features of kinetic phenomena
摘要：
对于时间的大小描述，在细节上，粒子散射的过程很长一段时间，在每个必要的情况下，一个特定的，特设的接收。然而，基于量子场论的概念并结合两个主要问题，即散射延迟时间和产生状态的形成时间，一般方法的可取性似乎是显而易见的。我们表明，Ward-Takahashi恒等式允许在QED框架下定义一般的时间函数，其中实部描述了散射粒子在散射体上的延迟持续时间，虚部描述了出射裸粒子的形成（“穿衣”）持续时间。相同形式的函数可以在已知的过程的QED描述中揭示，即它们在标准计算过程中出现，但不是人为输入的。这些功能提交给运营商的持续时间确定的倒数类似的薛定谔方程，运营商的正则共轭与哈密尔顿。时间函数的定义导致了这样的动力学理论的发展：光学色散理论（与某些已知的悖论的决定），多光子过程理论（其阈值和饱和度的定义）和相变理论（一般相关半径和临界指数的完整系统的确定）。时间函数的确定也证明了隧穿过程的瞬子型性质，使量子理论的绝热假设和一些重整化方案更有意义。在一个应用程序的问题的电荷无效，他们导致限制的允许数量的费米子的理论。
英文摘要：
For temporal magnitudes describing, in details, processes of particles scattering for a long time at each necessity case a particular, ad hoc reception were used. However the desirability of general approach basing on concepts of quantum field theory and uniting two main problems, durations of delay at scattering and of formation of arisen states, seems evident. We show that the Ward-Takahashi identity allows the defining of general temporal function in the frame of QED, real part of which describes the duration of delay of scattered particle on scatterer and imaginary part describes the duration of formation ("dressing") of outgoing bare particle. The functions of same form can be revealed in the known QED descriptions of processes, i.e. they arise in the course of standard calculations, but are not entered artificially. These functions submit to the operator of duration determinable by the reciprocal analogue of the Schroedinger equation, operator of which is canonically conjugated with Hamiltonian. Definition of temporal functions leads to the developing of such kinetic theories: theory of optical dispersion (with the decision of certain known paradoxes), theory of multiphoton processes (definitions of their thresholds and saturations) and theory of phase transitions (determination of general correlation radii and the full system of critical indices). The determination of temporal functions demonstrates also the instanton-type nature of tunneling processes, makes clear sense of the adiabatic hypothesis of quantum theory and some renormalization schemes. In an application to the problem of charge nullification they lead to a restriction of allowable number of fermions of the theory.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
