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arXiv 0903.1135astro-ph.COastro-ph.HE
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利用Cosmic Ray反馈停止冷却流

Stopping Cooling Flows with Cosmic Ray Feedback

William G. Mathews

摘要:

多回旋二维计算描述了室女星系团中由宇宙射线形成的间歇性空洞引起的热气体的气体动力学演化。如果没有宇宙射线,气体会演变成一股冷却流,每年在星团核心沉积大约85个太阳质量的冷气体--这种无限制的冷却与X射线光谱和许多其他观测结果相冲突。当宇宙射线在距离星团中心10 kpc处产生或沉积,以大约10^{59}尔格的爆发持续2千万年,间隔2亿年,中心冷却速率大大降低到每年0.1 - 1个太阳质量,与观测结果一致。在宇宙射线扩散通过空腔壁后,周围的气体密度降低,并被以30-70千秒差距的速度输送到星系团中。宇宙射线并不直接加热气体,年轻空洞周围的适度冲击加热被星系团气体膨胀时的全球冷却所抵消。经过几个回旋后,热气体的密度和温度分布仍然与观测到的相似,只要时间平均的宇宙线光度约为10^{43} erg/s,大约等于辐射热X射线光度,只有56 kpc。如果相对论性宇宙射线中有相当一部分是质子,那么费米伽马射线望远镜就可以探测到非弹性p-p碰撞后π介子衰变产生的伽马射线。

英文摘要:

Multi-Gyr two-dimensional calculations describe the gasdynamical evolution of hot gas in the Virgo cluster resulting from intermittent cavities formed with cosmic rays. Without cosmic rays, the gas evolves into a cooling flow, depositing about 85 solar masses per year of cold gas in the cluster core -- such uninhibited cooling conflicts with X-ray spectra and many other observations. When cosmic rays are produced or deposited 10 kpc from the cluster center in bursts of about 10^{59} ergs lasting 20 Myrs and spaced at intervals of 200 Myrs, the central cooling rate is greatly reduced to 0.1 - 1 solar masses per year, consistent with observations. After cosmic rays diffuse through the cavity walls, the ambient gas density is reduced and is buoyantly transported 30-70 kpc out into the cluster. Cosmic rays do not directly heat the gas and the modest shock heating around young cavities is offset by global cooling as the cluster gas expands. After several Gyrs the hot gas density and temperature profiles remain similar to those observed, provided the time-averaged cosmic ray luminosity is about 10^{43} erg/s, approximately equal to the bolometric X-ray luminosity within only 56 kpc. If an appreciable fraction of the relativistic cosmic rays are protons, gamma rays produced by pion decay following inelastic p-p collisions may be detected with the Fermi Gamma Ray Telescope.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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