相对论系统的平稳性、软遍历性和熵
Stationarity, soft ergodicity, and entropy in relativistic systems
摘要：
最近的分子动力学模拟表明，一个稀的相对论性气体平衡的Juettner速度分布，如果系综速度同时测量在观察者框架。另一方面，相对论性布朗运动过程的分析表明，稳态单粒子分布可以根据潜在的时间参数化而有所不同。使用分子动力学模拟，我们演示了如何在一个确定性的模型系统中可以理解这种相对论现象。我们表明，根据时间参数化，可以区分不同类型的软遍历的单粒子分布的水平。我们的分析进一步揭示了狭义相对论中时间参数和熵之间的密切联系。不同时间参数化的组合可能在将分子动力学算法与随机粒子创建、湮灭或衰变过程相结合的模拟中有用。
英文摘要：
Recent molecular dynamics simulations show that a dilute relativistic gas equilibrates to a Juettner velocity distribution if ensemble velocities are measured simultaneously in the observer frame. The analysis of relativistic Brownian motion processes, on the other hand, implies that stationary one-particle distributions can differ depending on the underlying time-parameterizations. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate how this relativistic phenomenon can be understood within a deterministic model system. We show that, depending on the time-parameterization, one can distinguish different types of soft ergodicity on the level of the one-particle distributions. Our analysis further reveals a close connection between time parameters and entropy in special relativity. A combination of different time-parameterizations can potentially be useful in simulations that combine molecular dynamics algorithms with randomized particle creation, annihilation, or decay processes.
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