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arXiv 0902.4014nlin.CDcond-mat.stat-mechphysics.chem-ph
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二指数鞍点附近的相空间几何和反应动力学

Phase space geometry and reaction dynamics near index two saddles

Gregory S. Ezra, Stephen Wiggins

摘要:

我们研究了相空间的几何结构与指数2鞍的势能面及其对反应动力学的影响$n$度的自由度(DoF)的哈密顿系统。对于指数为1的势能面鞍(经典过渡态理论的情形),证明了鞍稳定型的常双曲不变流形(NHIM)的存在性,其中NHIM作为构造具有无重交性质和极小通量的分割面的“锚点”.对于指数为1的鞍形情形,NHIM的稳定流形和不稳定流形在能量面上都是余维的,并且在相空间中充当反应轨迹的管道。指数2鞍的情况是完全不同的。我们表明,NHIM与他们的稳定和不稳定的流形仍然存在,但这些流形本身缺乏足够的尺寸作为障碍的能量表面。相反,有不同类型的不变流形,包含NHIM及其稳定和不稳定的流形,作为能量表面中的余维1障碍。这些障碍划分的能量表面附近的指数2鞍到区域的定性不同的轨迹表现出更广泛的各种动力学行为比指数1鞍的情况下。特别是,我们可以确定一类轨迹,我们称之为“漫游轨迹”,这是不相关的反应沿经典的最小能量路径(MEP)。我们用两个例子说明了我们对反应动力学指数2鞍的分析的意义。

英文摘要:

We study the phase space geometry associated with index 2 saddles of a potential energy surface and its influence on reaction dynamics for $n$ degree-of-freedom (DoF) Hamiltonian systems. For index 1 saddles of potential energy surfaces (the case of classical transition state theory), the existence of a normally hyperbolic invariant manifold (NHIM) of saddle stability type has been shown, where the NHIM serves as the "anchor" for the construction of dividing surfaces having the no-recrossing property and minimal flux. For the index 1 saddle case the stable and unstable manifolds of the NHIM are co-dimension one in the energy surface, and act as conduits for reacting trajectories in phase space. The situation for index 2 saddles is quite different. We show that NHIMs with their stable and unstable manifolds still exist, but that these manifolds by themselves lack sufficient dimension to act as barriers in the energy surface. Rather, there are different types of invariant manifolds, containing the NHIM and its stable and unstable manifolds, that act as co-dimension one barriers in the energy surface. These barriers divide the energy surface in the vicinity of the index 2 saddle into regions of qualitatively different trajectories exhibiting a wider variety of dynamical behavior than for the case of index 1 saddles. In particular, we can identify a class of trajectories, which we refer to as "roaming trajectories", which are not associated with reaction along the classical minimum energy path (MEP). We illustrate the significance of our analysis of the index 2 saddle for reaction dynamics with two examples.

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