分子弹簧：从蜘蛛丝到蚕丝
Molecular spring: from spider silk to silkworm silk
摘要：
在这封信中，我们采用了一种新的方法相结合的理论建模和丝拉伸测量，探索的奥秘，蚕丝和蜘蛛丝之间的结构，导致对拉伸的力学响应的差异。据此，典型的应力-应变分布再现通过实施新发现和验证的“$β$ -片分裂”机制，主要是改变蛋白质大分子的二级结构，我们的建模和模拟结果显示出良好的符合实验测量。因此，这两种丝的屈服后力学行为都是由于晶丝的分裂所致，而蜘蛛丝拖丝的高延伸性则是由于蜘蛛丝原纤维中存在细小的$β$ -片层。本研究首次揭示了导致蜘蛛丝和蚕丝对拉伸力的力学响应存在显著差异的结构因素。此外，理论建模与实验相结合，开辟了一个全新的方法来解决各种生物大分子的构象。
英文摘要：
In this letter, we adopt a new approach combining theoretical modeling with silk stretching measurements to explore the mystery of the structures between silkworm and spider silks, leading to the differences in mechanical response against stretching. Hereby the typical stress-strain profiles are reproduced by implementing the newly discovered and verified "$β$-sheet splitting" mechanism, which primarily varies the secondary structure of protein macromolecules; our modeling and simulation results show good accordance with the experimental measurements. Hence, it can be concluded that the post-yielding mechanical behaviors of both kinds of silks are resulted from the splitting of crystallines while the high extensibility of spider dragline is attributed to the tiny $β$-sheets solely existed in spider silk fibrils. This research reveals for the first time the structural factors leading to the significant difference between spider and silkworm silks in mechanical response to the stretching force. Additionally, the combination of theoretical modeling with experiments opens up a completely new approach in resolving conformation of various biomacromolecules.
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