哈代的结构与现实因素
Hardy's Setup and Elements of Reality
摘要：
几年前，有人提出了几个论点，试图证明定义现实的洛伦兹不变元素是不可能的。在这里，我将重新审视这个问题，并对它进行一些额外的考虑。我将首先分析哈代的论证，它旨在表明实在的洛伦兹不变元素确实与量子力学不一致。然后，我将研究与事件相关的光锥在多大程度上可以用来定义现实的洛伦兹不变元素。事实证明这是可能的，但与两个交换算子的乘积相关联的现实元素并不总是等于与每个算子相关联的现实元素的乘积。最后，我将研究一些方法，在这些方法中，可以更好地理解哈代实验的矛盾特征。
英文摘要：
Several arguments have been proposed some years ago, attempting to prove the impossibility of defining Lorentz-invariant elements of reality. Here I revisit that question, and bring a number of additional considerations to it. I will first analyze Hardy's argument, which was meant to show that Lorentz-invariant elements of reality are indeed inconsistent with quantum mechanics. I will then investigate to what extent the light cone associated with an event can be used to define Lorentz-invariant elements of reality. It turns out to be possible, but elements of reality associated with a product of two commuting operators will not always be equal to the product of elements of reality associated with each operator. I will finally examine a number of ways in which the paradoxical features of Hardy's experiment can be better understood.
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