恒星质量黑洞飞掠产生的引力波背景
The gravitational wave background from star-massive black hole fly-bys
摘要：
大质量黑洞（MBH）偏心轨道上的恒星在近点处会发出引力波（GW）。这样的事件可能在银河系中心直接解决。然而，如果恒星没有螺旋进入，则所发射的GWs对于河外MBH来说是不可分辨的，而是构成背景噪声的来源。我们估计这个极端的质量比爆发背景（EMBB）的功率谱，并将其与激光干涉仪空间天线（LISA）的预期仪器噪声进行比较。为此，我们模拟的区域接近MBH，占质量分离，并为限制存在的恒星接近MBH的过程，如GW inspiral和恒星之间的流体动力学碰撞。我们发现EMBB主要由恒星质量黑洞的GW爆发所控制，并且噪声谱（f S_GW）^{1/2}的幅度至少是仪器噪声的1/10。作为我们分析的另一个结果，我们表明LISA不太可能探测到银河系中心的相对论性爆发。
英文摘要：
Stars on eccentric orbits around a massive black hole (MBH) emit bursts of gravitational waves (GWs) at periapse. Such events may be directly resolvable in the Galactic centre. However, if the star does not spiral in, the emitted GWs are not resolvable for extra-galactic MBHs, but constitute a source of background noise. We estimate the power spectrum of this extreme mass ratio burst background (EMBB) and compare it to the anticipated instrumental noise of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). To this end, we model the regions close to a MBH, accounting for mass-segregation, and for processes that limit the presence of stars close to the MBH, such as GW inspiral and hydrodynamical collisions between stars. We find that the EMBB is dominated by GW bursts from stellar mass black holes, and the magnitude of the noise spectrum (f S_GW)^{1/2} is at least a factor ~10 smaller than the instrumental noise. As an additional result of our analysis, we show that LISA is unlikely to detect relativistic bursts in the Galactic centre.
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