在具有极端中红外/光通量比的SWIRE源中揭示X射线遮蔽类星体
Revealing X-ray obscured quasars in SWIRE sources with extreme mid-IR/optical flux ratios
摘要：
最近的研究表明，基于MIR颜色的选择标准可以用来揭示z>1的尘埃覆盖的极亮类星体群。然而，这些有趣的来源的X射线光谱特性仍然在很大程度上未被探索。本文报道了对44个中红外线与光通量比值极高（MIR/O>2000）的非常明亮的中红外星系样本的X射线光谱研究。样品的X射线覆盖范围是高度不均匀的（从快照5 ks钱德拉观测到中等深度的XMM曝光70 ks），因此，它们中相当大的一部分（~43%）在0.5-10 keV波段仍未被检测到。绝大多数（95%）被探测到的类星体（23）的吸收柱密度NH> 10 e 22 cm-2，值得注意的是，我们还发现，根据它们的吸收特性和X射线光度，其中50%可以被归类为2型类星体。此外，大多数未被探测到的X射线源显示出极端的中红外颜色，与活动星系核供电的发光物体一致，这表明它们可能拥有X射线中严重模糊（可能是康普顿厚度）的类星体。这表明，我们的选择标准适用于一个广泛的区域调查是非常有效的发现大量的2型类星体在z > 1。这类非常强大的、被遮蔽的高z类星体的存在可能对吸积超大质量黑洞及其宿主星系的形成和宇宙学演化有重要意义。
英文摘要：
Recent works have suggested that selection criteria based on MIR colors can be used to reveal a population of dust-enshrouded, extremely luminous quasars at z>1. However the X-ray spectral properties of these intriguing sources still remain largely unexplored. We report on an X-ray spectroscopic study of a sample of 44 very bright mid-IR galaxies with extreme mid-IR to optical flux ratios (MIR/O>2000). The X-ray coverage of the sample is highly inhomogeneous (from snap-shot 5 ks Chandra observations to medium-deep XMM exposures of 70 ks) and, consequently, a sizable fraction of them (~43%) remains undetected in the 0.5-10 keV band. The vast majority (95%) of the detected sources (23) show an absorption column density NH>10e22 cm-2 and, remarkably, we also find that 50% of them can be classified as Type 2 quasars on the basis of their absorption properties and X-ray luminosity. Moreover, most of the X-ray undetected sources show extreme mid-IR colors, consistent with being luminous AGN-powered objects, suggesting they might host heavily obscured (possibly Compton-thick) quasars in X-rays. This demonstrates that our selection criteria applied to a wide area survey is very efficient in finding a large number of Type 2 quasars at z > 1. The existence of this class of very powerful, obscured quasars at high z could have important implications in the context of the formation and cosmological evolution of accreting supermassive black holes and their host galaxies.
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